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anatomy > tissues > Flashcards

tissues Flashcards

1
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that perform the same function

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2
Q

4 types of tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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3
Q

what is epithelial

A

covers surfaces
specializes in protection, absorption and secretion

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4
Q

describe how the epithelial works in the areas it specializes in

A

protection: dehydration, trauma
absorption: nutrients
secretion: sweat

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5
Q

describe polarity of epithelial

A

polarity diff at each end: apical end (free surface that faces out the body) and basal end (attaches to underlying connective tissues)

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6
Q

tight junctions and desmosomes

A

connections between cells

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7
Q

microvilli

A

projections on apical end that inc absorption (digestive)

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8
Q

cilia

A

appendages that beat in unison across cell surfaces to move and push out debris (respiratory tract)

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9
Q

basement membrane

A

layer on bottom, glues epithelial to connective

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10
Q

goblet cells

A

synthesize and secrete mucous

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11
Q

avascular

A

epithelial is avascular and doesn’t have blood vessels

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12
Q

regenerative

A

high rate of cell division –> sheds and creates new coat

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13
Q

innervated

A

supplied by nerves

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14
Q

what are the characteristics of epithelial

A
  • tight junctions and desmosomes
  • microvilli and cilia
  • regenerative
  • innervated
  • avascular
  • basement membrane
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15
Q

what is connective tissue

A

support an connect body parts

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16
Q

what is a matrix and ground substance

A

matrix: ground substance and extrecellular (A large network of proteins and other molecules that surround, support, and give structure to cells and tissues in the body)

ground sub: gel-like substance in the extracellular space that contains all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) between cells

17
Q

what are extracellular fibers and what do they do

A

provide support and make matrix less pliable
collagen: tough, provide strength
elastic: stretch and recoil
reticular: form delicate network or mesh

18
Q

what do these words mean: blast, cyte, fibro, chondro

A

blast: young cells actively synthesizing/secreting matrix
cyte: mature cells in maintenance and repair
fibro: cells of connective tissue
chondro: cartilage

19
Q

what are the 3 types of connective tissue and describe them

A

proper, fluid, support

20
Q

what are the types of cells in areolar CT

A

fibroblasts: synthesize matrix of areolar CT
macrophages: phagocytic cells of the immune system
lymphocytes: cells of the immune system
adipocytes: cells that store fat

21
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant

22
Q

chondroblast or chondrocyte

A

cartilage cells that don’t divide

23
Q

difference between endocrine gland and exocrine gland

A

endocrine: secrete products into ECF (hormones)
exocrine: secrete products onto surface

24
Q

What is muscle tissue

A

parallel elongated cells that contract due to contractile elements

25
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A
  1. skeletal muscle: has striations, is multinucleate, is attached to bone and is vascularized
  2. cardiac muscles: pump, mono-nucleate, striations, vascularizes, intercalated discs
  3. smooth muscle: no striations
26
Q

what is intercalated discs

A

sieve-like connections between cardiac cells

27
Q

what is nervous tissue

A

cells that communicate by electrical signals

28
Q

what is a membrane

A

covering made up epithelial and connective tissue

29
Q

mucous membrane

A

moist membrane lining body cavities open to exterior

30
Q

serous membrane

A

moist membranes in close ventral cavities

31
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

covers body surface (waterproofs)

32
Q

synovial membrane

A

in the joints

33
Q

cancer and cancer cell

A
  • loss of regulation of cell cycle
  • uncontrolled divisions, loss of specialization, loss of growth and regulatory factors

anatomy (12 decks)

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