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anatomy > lab exam 1 > Flashcards

lab exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what as in the central and peripheral nervous system

A

central: brain + spinal cord
peripheral: peripheral nerves

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2
Q

what are the 11 organ systems

A
  1. integumentary
  2. digestive
  3. respiratory
  4. urinary
  5. cardiovascular
  6. lymphatic
  7. reproductive
  8. skeletal
  9. muscular
  10. endocrine
  11. nervous
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3
Q

integumentary system

A

organs: skin, glands, sense organs
function: covering of body that is a protective barrier between internal and external environment, regulates body temp

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4
Q

digestive system

A

organs: salivary gland, pharynx, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine, anus (digestive tract)
function: absorbs nutrients

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5
Q

respiratory system

A

organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lung, diaphragm
function; transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide

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6
Q

urinary system

A

organs: kidney, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
function: filter waste and excess water from internal to external

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7
Q

cardiovascular system

A

organs: heart, blood vessels, blood
function: transport system

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8
Q

lymphatic system

A

organs: vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsil, appendix
function: drain and immune functions

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9
Q

reproductive system

A

organs: gonades, ducts and glands
function: sexual reproduction

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10
Q

skeletal system

A

organs: bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints
function: support, shape, protect, movement, store minerals

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11
Q

muscular system

A

organs: muscles
functions: contraction, heat production, posture, protection

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12
Q

endocrine system

A

organs: glands, thyroid, ovaries, testies, pancreas
function: promotes growth and developments - long term homeostasis

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13
Q

nervous system

A

organs: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
function: detects changes and responds to them, short term homeostasis

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14
Q

anterior

A

the front (before)

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15
Q

ventral

A

the belly side (same as anterior when referring to human body)

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16
Q

posterior

A

the back (behind)

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17
Q

dorsal

A

the back (same as posterior when referring to human body)

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18
Q

cranial

A

head

19
Q

superior

A

above, at higher level

20
Q

caudal

A

the tail

21
Q

inferior

A

below, at lower level

22
Q

medial

A

towards the middle of the body

23
Q

lateral

A

away from the bodys middle (outside the middle)

24
Q

proximal

A

closer to the trunk

25
Q

distal

A

farther from the trunk

26
Q

superficial

A

close to body surface

27
Q

deep

A

farther from body surface

28
Q

sagittal

A

separates left and right side of the body

29
Q

frontal

A

separates front and back of the body

30
Q

transverse

A

separates top and body of the body

31
Q

where is the cell body of the sensory neuron

A

dorsal root ganglion

32
Q

what is the peripheral process of the axon of the sensory neuron

A

peripheral ventral ramus

33
Q

what portion of the motor neuron is in the nerve

A

axon

34
Q

where is the cell body of the motor neuron

A

ventral/anterior horn

35
Q

where are the dendrites of the motor neuron

A

dorsal horn

36
Q

what parts of what type of neuron can be found in the dorsal root ganglion

A
  • cell body of unipolar neuron
  • satellite cells
  • entering/exiting axons of sensory neuron
37
Q

describe the stimulus, response, significance of the PATELLAR reflex

A

stimulus: overstretching of quads
response: contraction of quad
significance: lack of response may indicate damage to lumbar region

38
Q

describe the stimulus, response, significance of the ACHILLES TENDON

A

stimulus: overstretching of muscle
response: contraction
response: lack of response to L5-S1

39
Q

describe the stimulus, response, significance of the PILOMOTOR

A

stimulus: sensory receptors (cold or pain)
response: smooth muscle contraction
significance: temperature homeostasis

40
Q

difference between an epidural block and lumbar puncture

A

epidural: injects anaesthetic to epidural space affecting nerves in that segment
lumbar: enters subarachnoid space to take a sample of CSF
both are performed in the L3-L4 region because the spinal cord ends

41
Q

csf is formed by

A

choroid plexus

42
Q

csf is removed by

A

arachnoid villi of each ventricle

43
Q

sequence of csf circulation

A
  • choroid plexus
  • lateral ventricle
  • interventricular foramen
  • third ventricle
  • cerebral aqueduct
  • fourth ventricle
  • apertures
  • subarachnoid space arachnoid villi
  • superior sagittal sinuses (sural sinuses)
  • venous system

anatomy (12 decks)

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