lab exam 1

Question 1

what as in the central and peripheral nervous system

Answer 1

central: brain + spinal cord
peripheral: peripheral nerves

Question 2

what are the 11 organ systems

Answer 2

1. integumentary
2. digestive
3. respiratory
4. urinary
5. cardiovascular
6. lymphatic
7. reproductive
8. skeletal
9. muscular
10. endocrine
11. nervous

Question 3

integumentary system

Answer 3

organs: skin, glands, sense organs
function: covering of body that is a protective barrier between internal and external environment, regulates body temp

Question 4

digestive system

Answer 4

organs: salivary gland, pharynx, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine, anus (digestive tract)
function: absorbs nutrients

Question 5

respiratory system

Answer 5

organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lung, diaphragm
function; transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

urinary system

Answer 6

organs: kidney, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
function: filter waste and excess water from internal to external

Question 7

cardiovascular system

Answer 7

organs: heart, blood vessels, blood
function: transport system

Question 8

lymphatic system

Answer 8

organs: vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsil, appendix
function: drain and immune functions

Question 9

reproductive system

Answer 9

organs: gonades, ducts and glands
function: sexual reproduction

Question 10

skeletal system

Answer 10

organs: bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints
function: support, shape, protect, movement, store minerals

Question 11

muscular system

Answer 11

organs: muscles
functions: contraction, heat production, posture, protection

Question 12

endocrine system

Answer 12

organs: glands, thyroid, ovaries, testies, pancreas
function: promotes growth and developments - long term homeostasis

Question 13

nervous system

Answer 13

organs: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
function: detects changes and responds to them, short term homeostasis

Question 14

anterior

Answer 14

the front (before)

Question 15

ventral

Answer 15

the belly side (same as anterior when referring to human body)

Question 16

posterior

Answer 16

the back (behind)

Question 17

dorsal

Answer 17

the back (same as posterior when referring to human body)

Question 18

cranial

Answer 18

head

Question 19

superior

Answer 19

above, at higher level

Question 20

caudal

Answer 20

the tail

Question 21

inferior

Answer 21

below, at lower level

Question 22

medial

Answer 22

towards the middle of the body

Question 23

lateral

Answer 23

away from the bodys middle (outside the middle)

Question 24

proximal

Answer 24

closer to the trunk

Question 25

distal

Answer 25

farther from the trunk

Question 26

superficial

Answer 26

close to body surface

Question 27

deep

Answer 27

farther from body surface

Question 28

sagittal

Answer 28

separates left and right side of the body

Question 29

frontal

Answer 29

separates front and back of the body

Question 30

transverse

Answer 30

separates top and body of the body

Question 31

where is the cell body of the sensory neuron

Answer 31

dorsal root ganglion

Question 32

what is the peripheral process of the axon of the sensory neuron

Answer 32

peripheral ventral ramus

Question 33

what portion of the motor neuron is in the nerve

Answer 33

axon

Question 34

where is the cell body of the motor neuron

Answer 34

ventral/anterior horn

Question 35

where are the dendrites of the motor neuron

Answer 35

dorsal horn

Question 36

what parts of what type of neuron can be found in the dorsal root ganglion

Answer 36

- cell body of unipolar neuron - satellite cells - entering/exiting axons of sensory neuron

Question 37

describe the stimulus, response, significance of the PATELLAR reflex

Answer 37

stimulus: overstretching of quads response: contraction of quad significance: lack of response may indicate damage to lumbar region

Question 38

describe the stimulus, response, significance of the ACHILLES TENDON

Answer 38

stimulus: overstretching of muscle response: contraction response: lack of response to L5-S1

Question 39

describe the stimulus, response, significance of the PILOMOTOR

Answer 39

stimulus: sensory receptors (cold or pain) response: smooth muscle contraction significance: temperature homeostasis

Question 40

difference between an epidural block and lumbar puncture

Answer 40

epidural: injects anaesthetic to epidural space affecting nerves in that segment lumbar: enters subarachnoid space to take a sample of CSF both are performed in the L3-L4 region because the spinal cord ends

Question 41

csf is formed by

Answer 41

choroid plexus

Question 42

csf is removed by

Answer 42

arachnoid villi of each ventricle

Question 43

sequence of csf circulation

Answer 43

- choroid plexus - lateral ventricle - interventricular foramen - third ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - fourth ventricle - apertures - subarachnoid space arachnoid villi - superior sagittal sinuses (sural sinuses) - venous system