lab exam 1 Flashcards
what as in the central and peripheral nervous system
central: brain + spinal cord
peripheral: peripheral nerves
what are the 11 organ systems
- integumentary
- digestive
- respiratory
- urinary
- cardiovascular
- lymphatic
- reproductive
- skeletal
- muscular
- endocrine
- nervous
integumentary system
organs: skin, glands, sense organs
function: covering of body that is a protective barrier between internal and external environment, regulates body temp
digestive system
organs: salivary gland, pharynx, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine, anus (digestive tract)
function: absorbs nutrients
respiratory system
organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lung, diaphragm
function; transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide
urinary system
organs: kidney, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
function: filter waste and excess water from internal to external
cardiovascular system
organs: heart, blood vessels, blood
function: transport system
lymphatic system
organs: vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsil, appendix
function: drain and immune functions
reproductive system
organs: gonades, ducts and glands
function: sexual reproduction
skeletal system
organs: bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints
function: support, shape, protect, movement, store minerals
muscular system
organs: muscles
functions: contraction, heat production, posture, protection
endocrine system
organs: glands, thyroid, ovaries, testies, pancreas
function: promotes growth and developments - long term homeostasis
nervous system
organs: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
function: detects changes and responds to them, short term homeostasis
anterior
the front (before)
ventral
the belly side (same as anterior when referring to human body)
posterior
the back (behind)
dorsal
the back (same as posterior when referring to human body)
cranial
head
superior
above, at higher level
caudal
the tail
inferior
below, at lower level
medial
towards the middle of the body
lateral
away from the bodys middle (outside the middle)
proximal
closer to the trunk
distal
farther from the trunk
superficial
close to body surface
deep
farther from body surface
sagittal
separates left and right side of the body
frontal
separates front and back of the body
transverse
separates top and body of the body
where is the cell body of the sensory neuron
dorsal root ganglion
what is the peripheral process of the axon of the sensory neuron
peripheral ventral ramus
what portion of the motor neuron is in the nerve
axon
where is the cell body of the motor neuron
ventral/anterior horn
where are the dendrites of the motor neuron
dorsal horn
what parts of what type of neuron can be found in the dorsal root ganglion
- cell body of unipolar neuron
- satellite cells
- entering/exiting axons of sensory neuron
describe the stimulus, response, significance of the PATELLAR reflex
stimulus: overstretching of quads
response: contraction of quad
significance: lack of response may indicate damage to lumbar region
describe the stimulus, response, significance of the ACHILLES TENDON
stimulus: overstretching of muscle
response: contraction
response: lack of response to L5-S1
describe the stimulus, response, significance of the PILOMOTOR
stimulus: sensory receptors (cold or pain)
response: smooth muscle contraction
significance: temperature homeostasis
difference between an epidural block and lumbar puncture
epidural: injects anaesthetic to epidural space affecting nerves in that segment
lumbar: enters subarachnoid space to take a sample of CSF
both are performed in the L3-L4 region because the spinal cord ends
csf is formed by
choroid plexus
csf is removed by
arachnoid villi of each ventricle
sequence of csf circulation
- choroid plexus
- lateral ventricle
- interventricular foramen
- third ventricle
- cerebral aqueduct
- fourth ventricle
- apertures
- subarachnoid space arachnoid villi
- superior sagittal sinuses (sural sinuses)
- venous system
