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anatomy > tissues > Flashcards

tissues Flashcards

1
Q

describe what is meant by tissues

A

a collection of cells containing a predominant cell type that work together and perform the same function

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2
Q

4 basic tissue types

A

connective
epithelial
muscle
nervous

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3
Q

characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

cell rich
cells bound tightly together
junctional complexes

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4
Q

where are epithelial cells found

A

on the surface of skin, blood vessels, glands etc.
(lie on a basement membrane)

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5
Q

functions of epithelial cells

A

protection
absorption
diffusion
secretion

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6
Q

characteristics connective tissue

A

few cells
cells are far apart
spaces filled with fibres + ground substance +fluid (ECM)

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7
Q

where is connective tissue found

A

in bone and blood

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8
Q

function of connective tissue

A

connects and supports
ECM provides structural and functional properties

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9
Q

characteristics of muscle tissue

A

elongated thin cells
cytoplasm packed with contractile apparatus

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10
Q

function of muscle tissue

A

shortens lengths, closes down spaces

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11
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac muscle

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12
Q

characteristics of nerve tissue

A

angular-shaped neurons with prominent nucleoli and communication processes

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13
Q

where is nerve tissue found

A

cerebellum

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14
Q

function of nerve tissue

A

receives, generates and transmits electrical signals
integrates information

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15
Q

shape of surface layer of cells classification

A

squamous, cuboidal, collumnar

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16
Q

number of layers classification

A

simple (one layer), stratified (multiple layers)

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17
Q

cell surface specialisation classifications

A

cilia, villi, microvilli, keratin

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18
Q

describe junctional complexes

A

junctions between epithelial cells which help keep them close together

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19
Q

the function and origin of cilia

A

movement of particles in the respiratory system

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20
Q

the function and origin of microvilli

A

increase area for absorption (brush border) found in the GI tract

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21
Q

types of connective tissue

A

loose CT
dense CT
specialised CT

22
Q

types of loose CT

A

areolar
adipose

23
Q

describe areolar CT

A

an aggregation of loosely arranged fibres and many cells of differing types

24
Q

location of areolar CT

A

beneath epithelia that cover surfaces or line tubes/cavities

25
Q

function of areolar CT

A

site of defence against bacteria

26
Q

describe adipose tissue

A

specialised loose CT with abundant fat storing adipocytes

27
Q

characteristics of adipose tissue

A

single large droplet of lipid pushes nucleus to one side and flattens cytoplasm to a thin rim
rich blood supply

28
Q

location of adipose tissue

A

in connective tissue under skin

29
Q

function of adipose tissue

A

insulation around organs for protection

30
Q

describe dense irregular connective tissue

A

thick collagen fibres that run in all directions
include fibroblasts

31
Q

function of dense irregular CT

A

able to withstand tension exerted in many directions
provides structural strength

32
Q

location of dense irregular CT

A

dermis of the skin
submucosa of digestive tract
fibrous capsules of organs and joints

33
Q

describe dense regular connective tissue

A

closely packed collagen fibres all running in the same direction
poorly vascularized

34
Q

function of dense regular CT

A

attaches muscles to bones to muscles, bones to bones
withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

35
Q

location of dense regular CT

A

tendons and ligaments

36
Q

muscle types

A

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

37
Q

characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

striated
attaches to skeleton
voluntary

38
Q

characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

striated branched
found in heart
involuntary

39
Q

smooth muscle

A

non striated
found in organs
involuntary

40
Q

4 regions of neurons

A

cell body
dendrites
axon
terminals

41
Q

what are glands

A

derivatives of epithelium

42
Q

describe exocrine

A

remain in contact with epithelium by ducts

43
Q

where do exocrine glands secrete

A

into lumen of tubes

44
Q

describe endocrine

A

loose contact with epithelium

45
Q

where does endocrine glands secrete

A

into blood vessels

46
Q

unicellular gland

A

goblet cells

47
Q

multicellular gland

A

acini

48
Q

shapes of exocrine glands

A

tubular
acinar
tubuloacinar

49
Q

mucous secreting exocrine glands

A

pale staining
e.g mucous glands of trachea

50
Q

serous secreting glands

A

dark staining
exocrine part of pancreas

51
Q

mechanisms of exocrine secretion

A

merocrine secretion e.g sweat
apocrine secretion e.g mammary
holocrine secretion e.g sebaceous

52
Q

function of myoepithelial cells

A

contractile function - they help in expelling secretions from the lumen of gland secretory units (acini)

anatomy (14 decks)

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