autonomic nervous system Flashcards
structural difference between somatic and autonomic motor neurons
autonomic has a myelintated preganglionic neuron, autonomic ganglion and then an unmyelinated postganglionic neuron
sympathetic pathways use what….
acetylcholine and norepiniphrine
parasympathetic pathways use what….
acetylcholine
the lateral horn contains what
cell bodies of sympathetic neurons
where is the lateral horn present
between T1-L2/3 vertebrae
outflow of lateral horn
thoracolumbar
how are nerves supplied to S2,3,4 etc.
differential growth of vertebral colum vs spinal cord
nerves from the lateral horn between S2-S4 are described as
parasympathetic with synapse in a parasympathetic ganglion in the pelvis meaning sacral outflow
how do spinal nerves above and below T1-L2/3 receive sympathetic fibres
fibres from T1-L2/3 are spread through the bilateral sympathetic chains
how do spinal nerves communicate with the sympathetic chain
white and grey rami communicantes
white rami comunicante characteristics
from spinal nerve to sympathetic chain
myelinated, preganglionic
grey rami communicantes characteristics
from sympathetic chain back to spinal nerve
unmyelinated, postganglionic
3 options for sympathetic fibres emerging from the lateral horn
can synapse in the sympathetic chain at the same level
can run up or down the chain and synapse at a higher or lower level
they can pass right through without synapsing and synapse in an autonomic ganglion in the abdomen
splanchnic nerves..
supply abdominal organs
symptoms of horners syndrome
partial ptosis
miosis
anhydrosis
partial ptosis
drooping of the upper eyelid
miosis
constriction of the pupil
anhydrosis
decresed sweating
there are 7 cervical vertebrae but 8 vertical nerves, why
C1 nerve emerges from vertebral column between skull and C1 vertebra
