back and vertebral column Flashcards
what makes up the vertebral column
skeleton of back and neck
33 individual vertebrae and vertebral discs
made up of 5 regions
functions of the vertebral column
Weight-bearing
Protection
Movement
Site of muscle attachments
weight bearing in the vertebral column
Carries & transmits weight from upper body down to the lower limbs
what is the main function of the vertebral bodies
weight bearing
what happens to vertebral size going from superior to inferior
increase in size
shock absorption is provided by what
curvatures and intervertebral discs
function of spinal curvatures
provide flexible support and shock absorbing resilience
types of spinal curvatures
cervical and lumbar lordoses
thoracic and sacral kyphoses
when do cervical and lumber lordoses develop
during infancy
when do thoracic and sacral kyphoses develop
already present in fetus
types of abnormal curvatures
excessive thoracic kyphosis (e.g osteoperosis)
excessive lumbar lordosis (e.g pregnancy)
scoliosis
types of vertebrae
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
function of intervertebral discs
shock absorption
components of intervertebral discs
central core (nucleus pulposus) with high water content surrounded by rings of fibrocartilage (annulus fibrosus)
what are the meninges
coverings of the spinal cord
breakdown of the meninges
dura matter
arachnoid matter
pia matter
cerebrospinal fluid in subarachnoid space
movement in the back
extension and flexion
lateral flexion lateral extension
rotation of the head and neck
rotation of the upper trunk
joints of the vertebral column
symphysis
synovial plane
synovial ellipsoid
synovial pivot
what type of joint is found in intervertebral discs
symphysis
what type of joint are facet joints
synovial plane (between adjacent vertebrae)
what type of joints are found in skull and atlas
synovial ellipsoid
what type of joints are found in atlas and axis
synovial pivot
what are the atlas and axis
C1 and C2
what is the vertebral canal
vertebral foramen stacked
describe lateral flexion
flexion away from the median line
describe lateral extension
extension back to the midline
types of ligaments in vertebral column
posterior longitudinal
anterior longitudinal
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
suraspinous
extrinsic back muscles attach to…
head
limbs
thorax
abdomen
what are erector spinae
intrinsic back muscles
function of erector spinae
extension, lateral flexion and controlling flexion
what happens with weakness of back muscles
imbalanced loading of the spine
back pain
what happens with dehydration of intervertebral discs
reduced shock absorption
what does osteoarthritis cause
pain and stiffness of joints
what does osteoporosis cause
compression fractures altering the curvature of the spine
