bones

Question 1

functions of bone

Answer 1

weight bearing/support
protection
mineral store
blood formation

Question 2

types of bone

Answer 2

flat bone
sutural bone
short bone
irregular bone
sesamoid bone
long bone

Question 3

example of flat bone

Answer 3

skull

Question 4

example of short bone

Answer 4

carpals

Question 5

example of irregular bone

Answer 5

vertebra

Question 6

example of sesamoid bone

Answer 6

patella

Question 7

example of long bone

Answer 7

femur

Question 8

describe contact bone

Answer 8

outer hard layer of bone

Question 9

describe spongy bone

Answer 9

inside bone also known as trabecular

Question 10

where is the epiphysis

Answer 10

top of bone

Question 11

what are physis

Answer 11

growth plates

Question 12

diaphysis and what does it contain

Answer 12

middle length of bone
compact bone
medullary canal
periostium

Question 13

medullary cavity

Answer 13

inner layer of bone containing bone marrow

Question 14

periostium

Answer 14

outer layer of bone

Question 15

describe osteons

Answer 15

compact bone organised in circular structures

Question 16

middle of osteons

Answer 16

haversian canals

Question 17

small dots in osteons

Answer 17

osteocytes

Question 18

characteristics of trabecular bone

Answer 18

spongy bone
less dense than compact bone

Question 19

cells found in bone

Answer 19

osteoclasts
osteoblasts
osteocytes

Question 20

what do minerals provide for bone

Answer 20

make bone stiff and able to support structures
high strength under compression

Question 21

what does collagen provide for bone

Answer 21

gives bone some flexibility and reduces risk of fracture
high strength under tension

Question 22

what is bone turnover

Answer 22

constant process
balance between bone removal and formation

Question 23

process of bone formation

Answer 23

osteoclasts break down old bone
osteoblasts build new bone

Question 24

what are osteoclasts

Answer 24

large multinucleate cells derived from haemotopoietic stem cells

Question 25

location of osteoclasts

Answer 25

found on bone surface

Question 26

function of osteoclasts

Answer 26

resorb bone matrix

Question 27

what are osteoblasts

Answer 27

immature bone cells created from osteopregenitor cells in periosteum and endosteum

Question 28

function of osteoblasts

Answer 28

produce bone matrix and initiate calcification

Question 29

what are osteocytes

Answer 29

mature bone cells found inside lacunae
numerous processes lying in canaliculi

Question 30

what are canaliculi and what is their function

Answer 30

connect lacunae to each other
allows communication between cells

Question 31

function of osteocytes

Answer 31

may maintain bone matrix

Question 32

disorders of bone remodelling

Answer 32

osteoporosis
pagets disease
osteopetrosis

Question 33

cause of osteoporosis

Answer 33

resorption is greater than formation

Question 34

cause of pagets disease

Answer 34

increased resorption or formation

Question 35

cause of osteopetrosis

Answer 35

decreased resorption

Question 36

cause of osteopetrosis

Answer 36

decreased resorption

Question 37

types of ossification

Answer 37

endochondral
intramembranous

Question 38

describe endochondral ossification

Answer 38

bone forms as cartilage model first
blood vessels invade cartilage
cartilage replaced with bone

Question 39

what happens to cartilage in endochondral osssification

Answer 39

remains in epiphyseal growth plate

Question 40

describe intramembranous ossification

Answer 40

no cartilage model
messenchymal cells develop into osteoprogenetpr cells that mature into osteoblasts which start developing bone

Question 41

types of bone growth

Answer 41

apposititional growth
interstitial growth

Question 42

describe appositional growth

Answer 42

width

Question 43

describe interstitial growth

Answer 43

length