Tissues Flashcards
What are the 4 different human tissue?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What is the human act?
1) Voluntary donation of bodies
2) requires dual signed consent from donor and family member
3) most bodies are held for 18 months, however body parts can be kept longer for research and teaching
4) the family may ask for the body back whenever
What are the 3 connective tissues?
Proper, Fluid, Supporting
What are the 2 subtypes of connective tissue proper?
Loose and Dense
What are the 2 subtypes of Fluid Connective Tissues?
Blood and Lymph
What are the 2 subtypes of Supporting Connective Tissue?
Cartilage and Bone
What are the 3 loose connective tissue?
Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
Describe Collagen and Elastic Fibres
Collagen = thick fibres and very strong and wont snap Elastic = thin fibres and very stretchy
What is areolar tissue?
- Is part of the loose connective tissue
- It is most widely distributed in the animal body.
What is Adipose Tissue?
- Apart of the loose connective tissue
- Is found deep in the skin, especially on the side of the body
- Provides a layer of protection padding
What is Reticular Tissue?
- Is apart of the loose connective tissue
- It is tough
- Has a flexible network that provides support and resists distortion
What are the 2 types of Dense Connective Tissue?
- Dense Regular
- Dense Irregular
Describe what Dense Regular Connective Tissue is
- Is found in tendons and the sheets connecting skeletal muscles to bone
- Also in ligaments, that interconnect the bones/stabilise the positions of internal organs
Describe what Dense Irregular Connective Tissue is
- Are the fibres that form an interwoven meshwork that has no consistent pattern
- They strengthen and support areas that are under stress
- The Elastic fibres outnumber the collagen fibres, making the tissue springy and resilient. (found between the vertebrae of the spinal cord and the walls of large blood cells, plus more)
Describe Fluid Connective Tissue
- They have an aqueous matrix that includes suspended proteins
- In Blood, the watery matrix is called Plasma
- Lymph is essential to homeostasis
What are the 3 subtypes of Supporting Connective Tissue?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
Describe Hyaline Cartilage
- found between the tips of the ribs
- covers bone surfaces at movable joints
supports respiratory passageways - forms part of the nasal septum
- is stiff but also somewhat flexible
- reduces friction between bones
Describe Elastic Cartilage
- supports the external ear + some smaller internal structures
- allows distort without damage and returns to its original shape
Describe Fibrocartilage
- is extremely durable + tough due to its matrix
- its matrix is densely woven with collagen fibres
- found in the knee joint etc (meniscus)
Describe Bone Tissue
- 2/3 of the bone matrix consists of a mixture of calcium salts.
- the rest is dominated by Collagen
- calcium salts = brittle and hard
- collagen fibres = strong and relatively flexible
What are the 3 subtypes of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Describe Skeletal Muscle Tissue
- is found in skeletal muscles
- if found in organs that also contain connective tissue and nervous tissue
- cells = long, cylindrical and banded
- have multiple nuclei
Describe Cardiac Muscle Tissue
- Is found in the heart
- cells = short, branched and striated
- usually has 1 nucleus
Describe Smooth Muscle Tissue
- found throughout the body, e.g skin
- cells = short, spindle shape and nonstriated
- have a single central nucleus
Describe the Nervous Tissue
- specialised to conduct electrical impulses form one region of the body to another
- made up of Neurons and Glia
- 98% of the nervous tissue is in the brain and spinal cord
Describe Neurons and Glia
Neurons = transfer information from place to place + process information. Longest cell in your body
Glia = There are several types, all have different functions.
- they support, protect and repair nervous tissue + maintain the nutrient supply to neurons
What are the 2 subtypes of Epithelial Tissue
Epithelia, Glands
What is the functions of the Epithelial Tissue
- Provide Physical Protection
- Control permeability
- Provide sensation\Produce specialised secretions
Describe Epithelial Tissue
- Are thin, flat and somewhat irregular shaped
- they cover exposed surfaces
- forms secretory glands
- lines internal passageways and chambers
Describe Glands
- these are a collection of epithelial cells that produce secretion glands
- the glands that secrete into interstitial fluid = endocrine glands
- the glands that secrete into pathways called ducts = exocrine glands