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HUBS191 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does CNS stand for

A

Central nervous system

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2
Q

What does the CNS consist of, and what are the 2 general cell classes that they are composed of ?

A

Consists of brain and spinal cord

Composed of neurons and glia

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3
Q

What does PNS stand for

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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4
Q

What is the PNS consisted of and what are the 2 general cell classes that they are composed of ?

A

Consisted of peripheral nerves and ganglia

Composed of neurons and glia

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5
Q

What are the 2 general fractures of Neurons ?

A
  • cells specialised for transmission of information

- 4 morphological types

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6
Q

What are the 3 general features of Glia ?

A
  • support neurons
  • 5 basic types —> 4 in CNS, 1 in PNS
  • each type has specific functions
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7
Q

What are the 2 features of dendrites ?

A
  • receive input

- send info to the cell body

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8
Q

What are the 2 features of the cell body ?

A
  • contain nucleus and organelles

- sums input

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9
Q

What are the 2 features of the axon ?

A
  • Carries electrical impulses

- may or may not be myelinated

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10
Q

What are the 2 features of the axon terminals ?

A
  • end (terminals) of the axon

- neurotransmitter release

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11
Q

What is a bundle of axons called

A

Tract

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12
Q

In the CNS, What is a group of cell bodies called ?

A

Nucleus (nuclei)

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13
Q

In the CNS, what do you call a group of cell bodies in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord ?

A

Grey matter

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14
Q

In the CNS, what do you call a bundle of axons in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord ?

A

White matter

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15
Q

In the white matter, is the axons myelinated or not

A

They are

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16
Q

In the PNS, what do you call a group of cell bodies ?

A

Ganglion (ganglia)

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17
Q

In the PNS, what do you call a bundle of axons ?

A

Nerve

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18
Q

What components from the neuron are in the input zone ?

A

Dendrites and cell body

19
Q

What is the functional components of the input zone ?

A

Receives CHEMICAL SIGNALS from other neurons

20
Q

What components from the neuron are in the summation zone ?

A

Axon Hillock

21
Q

What is the functional component of the summation zone

A

Summation of inputs

22
Q

What components from the neuron are in the conduction zone ?

A

Axon (may be very long)

23
Q

What is the functional component of the conduction zone?

A

Carry ELECTRICAL SIGNALS (ACTION POTENTIAL) between brain areas to and from the spinal cord or from Peripheral sensory receptors to effector cells

24
Q

What components from the neuron are in the output zone?

A
  • Axon terminals
25
Q

what is the functional components of the output zone?

A
  • Contact with input zone of other neurons or effectors

- release of neurotransmitters = CHEMICAL SIGNALS

26
Q

what is the axon hillock

A
  • is an anatomical location where inputs are summated before action potential
  • in the summation zone
27
Q

how many processes emanate from a Multipolar cell body

A

multiple processes

28
Q

how many processes emanate from a Bipolar cell body

A

2 processes

29
Q

how many processes emanate from a unipolar cell body

A

1 process, it then branches into dendrite and axon

30
Q

What is different in Anaxonic processes

A

has no distinct axon,

all processes look alike

31
Q

what are the 4 CNS Glia

A

1) Astrocytes
2) Microglia
3) ependymal cells
4) oligodendrocytes

32
Q

what are the 3 features of Astrocytes

A
  • supply nutrients to neurons
  • ensheath blood capillaries
  • injury response
33
Q

what are the 2 features of Microglia

A
  • immune cells of the CNS

- Engulf microorganisms and debris

34
Q

what are the 2 features of Ependymal cells

A
  • line fluid-filled spaces of brain and spinal cord

- have cilia (hair-like processes) to circulate CSF

35
Q

what are the 2 features of Oligodendrocytes

A
  • support nerve fibres

- ensheath them with myelin

36
Q

what is the name of the PNS Glia

A

Schwann cells

37
Q

what are the 3 features of the schwann cells

A
  • support peripheral nerve fibres
  • ensheath them with myelin
  • similar to oligodendrocytes (CNS)
38
Q

what is the Myelin Sheath

A
  • is a lipid (fat) wrapped around the axon

- it increases conduction velocity

39
Q

what are Nodes of Ranvier and their functions

A
  • are gaps between myelin

- it increases conduction velocity

40
Q

how do neurons communicate with one another

A
  • occurs through a junction called a SYNAPSE
41
Q

during the synapse, what happens with the information

A

it need it change form when it moves to on thing to the next

  • electrical –> chemical –> electrical
42
Q

what is the word for when information goes INTO the brain

A

afferent
or
ascending

43
Q

what is the name of the response that come OUT of the brain

A

efferent
or
descending

HUBS191 (13 decks)

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