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HUBS191 > Human Movement and Sensation > Flashcards

Human Movement and Sensation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of the 2 types of information transmitted

A

somatic and autonomic

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2
Q

what does somatic mean. Give examples in regards to motor and sensory

A
  • the stuff we are aware of/have control over
    Voluntary muscle movement = somatic efferent (motor)
    sensory information we are aware of = Somatic afferent (sensory)
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3
Q

what are the Somatic EFFERENT divisions

A
  • 2 neurons between the brain and effector
    1) Upper Motor Neuron
    • cell body = brain
    • axon = spinal cord
      2) Lower Motor Neuron
    • cell body = spinal cord
    • axon = spinal NERVE
  • effectors = skeletal muscle fi
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4
Q

what are the Somatic EFFERENT divisions, and where are the cell body and axons in these divisions

A
  • 2 neurons between the brain and effector
    1) Upper Motor Neuron
    • cell body = brain
    • axon = spinal cord
      2) Lower Motor Neuron
    • cell body = spinal cord
    • axon = spinal NERVE
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5
Q

what is the effectors in the Somatic EFFERENT division

A
  • effectors = skeletal muscle fibres
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6
Q

With regards to the somatic efferent anatomical organisation, in the UPPER motor neuron is the axon myelinated or not?

A

it is myelinated

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7
Q

With regards to the somatic efferent anatomical organisation, in the LOWER motor neuron is the axon myelinated or not?

A

it is myelinated

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8
Q

what is the neurotransmitter in the Somatic EFFERENT division called

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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9
Q

How many divisions are their in the Autonomic EFFERENT nervous system, and what are their names

A

2 divisions

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
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10
Q

is Autonomic efferent nervous system voluntary or involuntary controlled

A

Involuntary

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11
Q

in the Autonomic efferent nervous system, what are the names of the effectors

A
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • glands
  • adipose (fat) tissue
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12
Q

how many neurons between the brain and the effector in the Autonomic efferent nervous system

A

3 neurons

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13
Q

where are the 3 neurons in the Autonomic efferent nervous system placed

A

neuron 1 :

  • cell body = brain
  • axon = brain or spinal cord (CNS)

neuron 2:

  • cell body = brain or spinal cord (CNS)
  • axon = PNS

Neuron 3:

  • Cell body = PNS
  • axon = PNS
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14
Q

with Neuron 2 in the Autonomic efferent nervous system, what is the basic anatomical features

A
  • myelinated
  • synapse in autonomic Ganglion
  • preganglionic neuron
  • Neurotransmitter = ACh
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15
Q

with Neuron 3 in the Autonomic efferent nervous system, what is the basic anatomical features

A
  • Cell body = PNS, autonomic ganglion
  • axon extends in PNS to effector organ
  • UNMYELINATED
  • synapse on effector organ
  • postganglionic neuron
    neurotransmitters = ACh or norepinephrine
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16
Q

What is the neurotransmitter in sympathetic subdivision of the Autonomic efferent nervous system

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

17
Q

what is the sympathetic subdivision in the Autonomic efferent nervous system

A
  • prepares the body for acute/stress response

- fight or flight system

18
Q

what are the effects of the sympathetic subdivision of the Autonomic efferent nervous system

A
  • increased in:
  • heart rate
  • constricting blood vessels to skin and viscera
  • gastric motility
  • salivation
  • pupil size
  • sweating
19
Q

what is the Parasympathetic subdivision in the Autonomic efferent nervous system

A
  • prepares the body for restful situations

- rest and digest system

20
Q

what are the effects of the Parasympathetic subdivision of the Autonomic efferent nervous system

A 
-decrease in:
 heart rate
gastric motility
pupil size
salivation
21
Q

what are the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, neurons 2 and 3

A

Sympathetic:
- 2 neuron - short axon, 3rd neuron sympathetic ganglion - close to CNS, long axon.
Neurotransmitters 2–>3 = ACh, 3 –> effector = NE

Parasympathetic:
- Neuron 2 = long axon, 3rd neuron = parasympathetic ganglion - distant to CNS, short axon
Neurotransmitters 2–>3 = ACh, 3 –> effector = ACh

22
Q

in the SYMPATHETIC nervous system, where does the Preganglionic neuron exit from the CNS and what is the position of the ganglia

A
  • cell body in thoracolumbar levels of spinal cord (CNS)
  • axons are short
  • Axon terminals and synapse in sympathetic ganglion
23
Q

in the SYMPATHETIC nervous system, where does the Postganglionic neuron exit from the CNS and what is the position of the ganglia

A
  • cell body in sympathetic ganglion

- axons are long

24
Q

what are the features of the Sympathetic chain ganglia

A
  • on either side of the vertebral column (spine)
  • 21-23 pairs
  • is the place where PREganglionic (neuron 2) axons synapse onto POSTganglionic (neuron 3) input zone
  • POSTganglionic cell bodies in ganglion
  • long axons extend into body, UNMYELINATED
25
Q

in the PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system, where does the Preganglionic neuron exit from the CNS and what is the position of the ganglia

A
  • cell bodies in Cranial (breainsteam) and Sacral (spinal cord) levels
  • axons = long
  • Axon terminals and synapse in parasympathetic ganglia

HUBS191 (13 decks)

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