Human Movement and Sensation Flashcards
what is the name of the 2 types of information transmitted
somatic and autonomic
what does somatic mean. Give examples in regards to motor and sensory
- the stuff we are aware of/have control over
Voluntary muscle movement = somatic efferent (motor)
sensory information we are aware of = Somatic afferent (sensory)
what are the Somatic EFFERENT divisions
- 2 neurons between the brain and effector
1) Upper Motor Neuron- cell body = brain
- axon = spinal cord
2) Lower Motor Neuron - cell body = spinal cord
- axon = spinal NERVE
- effectors = skeletal muscle fi
what are the Somatic EFFERENT divisions, and where are the cell body and axons in these divisions
- 2 neurons between the brain and effector
1) Upper Motor Neuron- cell body = brain
- axon = spinal cord
2) Lower Motor Neuron - cell body = spinal cord
- axon = spinal NERVE
what is the effectors in the Somatic EFFERENT division
- effectors = skeletal muscle fibres
With regards to the somatic efferent anatomical organisation, in the UPPER motor neuron is the axon myelinated or not?
it is myelinated
With regards to the somatic efferent anatomical organisation, in the LOWER motor neuron is the axon myelinated or not?
it is myelinated
what is the neurotransmitter in the Somatic EFFERENT division called
Acetylcholine (ACh)
How many divisions are their in the Autonomic EFFERENT nervous system, and what are their names
2 divisions
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
is Autonomic efferent nervous system voluntary or involuntary controlled
Involuntary
in the Autonomic efferent nervous system, what are the names of the effectors
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
- glands
- adipose (fat) tissue
how many neurons between the brain and the effector in the Autonomic efferent nervous system
3 neurons
where are the 3 neurons in the Autonomic efferent nervous system placed
neuron 1 :
- cell body = brain
- axon = brain or spinal cord (CNS)
neuron 2:
- cell body = brain or spinal cord (CNS)
- axon = PNS
Neuron 3:
- Cell body = PNS
- axon = PNS
with Neuron 2 in the Autonomic efferent nervous system, what is the basic anatomical features
- myelinated
- synapse in autonomic Ganglion
- preganglionic neuron
- Neurotransmitter = ACh
with Neuron 3 in the Autonomic efferent nervous system, what is the basic anatomical features
- Cell body = PNS, autonomic ganglion
- axon extends in PNS to effector organ
- UNMYELINATED
- synapse on effector organ
- postganglionic neuron
neurotransmitters = ACh or norepinephrine
What is the neurotransmitter in sympathetic subdivision of the Autonomic efferent nervous system
Norepinephrine (NE)
what is the sympathetic subdivision in the Autonomic efferent nervous system
- prepares the body for acute/stress response
- fight or flight system
what are the effects of the sympathetic subdivision of the Autonomic efferent nervous system
- increased in:
- heart rate
- constricting blood vessels to skin and viscera
- gastric motility
- salivation
- pupil size
- sweating
what is the Parasympathetic subdivision in the Autonomic efferent nervous system
- prepares the body for restful situations
- rest and digest system
what are the effects of the Parasympathetic subdivision of the Autonomic efferent nervous system
-decrease in: heart rate gastric motility pupil size salivation
what are the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, neurons 2 and 3
Sympathetic:
- 2 neuron - short axon, 3rd neuron sympathetic ganglion - close to CNS, long axon.
Neurotransmitters 2–>3 = ACh, 3 –> effector = NE
Parasympathetic:
- Neuron 2 = long axon, 3rd neuron = parasympathetic ganglion - distant to CNS, short axon
Neurotransmitters 2–>3 = ACh, 3 –> effector = ACh
in the SYMPATHETIC nervous system, where does the Preganglionic neuron exit from the CNS and what is the position of the ganglia
- cell body in thoracolumbar levels of spinal cord (CNS)
- axons are short
- Axon terminals and synapse in sympathetic ganglion
in the SYMPATHETIC nervous system, where does the Postganglionic neuron exit from the CNS and what is the position of the ganglia
- cell body in sympathetic ganglion
- axons are long
what are the features of the Sympathetic chain ganglia
- on either side of the vertebral column (spine)
- 21-23 pairs
- is the place where PREganglionic (neuron 2) axons synapse onto POSTganglionic (neuron 3) input zone
- POSTganglionic cell bodies in ganglion
- long axons extend into body, UNMYELINATED
in the PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system, where does the Preganglionic neuron exit from the CNS and what is the position of the ganglia
- cell bodies in Cranial (breainsteam) and Sacral (spinal cord) levels
- axons = long
- Axon terminals and synapse in parasympathetic ganglia
