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Biology > Tissue Types > Flashcards

Tissue Types Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 tissue types in the body?

A
  1. Nervous
  2. Muscular
  3. Epithelial
  4. Connective
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2
Q

What are the 3 ways light can be?

A

Absorbed
Transmitted
Reflected

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3
Q

How many bones is the orbit made up of?

A

7

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4
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the eye?

A
  • superior oblique
  • superior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • lateral rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • inferior oblique
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5
Q

When light rays impinge on the surface of the eye, what does it encounter/hit ?

A

(photon) hits the tearfilm

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6
Q

What is the outer coat of the eye ?

A

Sclera (opaque)

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7
Q

What is the front of the eye modified to ?

A

Transport cornea

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8
Q

What is the corneoscleral junction?

A

Limbus

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9
Q

After traversing the anterior chamber , what happens to the light

A

It reaches the lens

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10
Q

How does light focus on the retina?

A

By the cornea and lens acting together

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11
Q

What is the choroid?

A

Its is between the retina and sclrera which contains the vascular blood supply to the retina

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12
Q

How are the transparent cornea and lens avascular?

A

Because they recieve nutrients from the aqueous humour which fills the anterior chamber.

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13
Q

What fills the posterior chamber?

A

Filled with jelly like vitreous humour

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14
Q

Where are the 2 groups of muscle in the eye?

A

Iris- which can alter the size of the pupil

Cilary body- change the shape of the lens during the process of accomadation.

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15
Q

What is the bulk of the tear film produced by?

A

Lacrimal Gland

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16
Q

What tissue makes up most of the retina?

A

Nervous tissue

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17
Q

What are the nerve cells known as?

A

Neurones

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18
Q

What structures are the nerve cells associated with in the eye?

A

cornea (sensory)

cilary (motor)

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle

smooth muscle

20
Q

What is the structure of skeletal muscle?

A

attached to skeleton
striated in appearance
capable of generating a lot of force

21
Q

What is the structure of smooth muscle?

A

often found in hollow organs
non-striated in appearance
capable of sustained activity

22
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelial?

A

Covering epithelia

Glandular epithelia

23
Q

What is covering epithelia?

A

line the free surfaces of the body.

24
Q

What are the 4 functions of epithelia?

A

Protection via skin
absorption via digestive tract
filtering via kidney
sensation (taste smell)

25
Q

What are the shape of epithelial cells?

A

Usually polyhedral (hexagonal) with strong attachments between adjacent cells

26
Q

What can the surfaces of the epithelial cells be?

A

Smooth

-Covered with microvilli or cilia

27
Q

What does the covering epithelial cell rest on?

A

Basement membrane

28
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Highly regenerative, avascular and can be inervated by both sensory and nerve fibres.

29
Q

What are the 3 shapes of covering epithelia?

A

Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal
Columnar

30
Q

What are the 8 basic types of covering epithelia?

A

simple squamous
simple cuboidal
simple columnar
pseudo stratified

stratified squamous
stratified cuboidal
stratified columnar
transitional

31
Q

How many layers are the human cornea?

A

5

32
Q

Good example of simple squamous epithelia

A

Corneal stroma and corneal endothelium

33
Q

Good example of stratified squamous epithelia?

A

Corneal epithelihum as it protects from dirt, eyelids.

34
Q

Where are stratified epithelia usually found?

A

areas subject to abrasion such as oesophagus and vagina

35
Q

What is a specialised form of stratified epithelium?

A

keratinsed epithelium of the skin

36
Q

What is a transitional epithelium?>

A

When the cell shape can change.

E.G bladder - epithelia is stretched when bladder is filled.

37
Q

Why is single layered epithelia not good for protection?

A

as they are single and are good for areas where the exchange of substances is required.

38
Q

Other general examples of simple squamous epithelia

A

lining of blood vessels

alveoli of the lungs

39
Q

Examples of simple cuboidal

A

kidney

sebaceous gland

40
Q

example of simple columnar

A

gall bladder
cilia
microvili

41
Q

What is pseudo- stratified epithelium?

A

All cells sit on the basement membrane appearing startified as all cells are in different shape but is actually simple as they are all the same cells.

42
Q

what is the adnexa of the eye?

A

. extra ocular muscle
. conjunctiva
. lacrimal gland
. eyelids

43
Q

what is conjunctiva?

A

membrane lines back surface of eyelid and exposed bit of sclera.
stops near the limbus

44
Q

Where is melanin found too?

A

in the epithelial cells for skin colour

also many epithelia lining the inside of the eye have melanin

45
Q

What does the melanin in the eye do?s

A

serves to absorb stray light and improve image quality.

46
Q

What are some e.gs of the smooth muscle in the eye?

A

iris and ciliary body

47
Q

What are some of the e.g of the skeletal muscle in the eye?

A

eyelid muscles- e.g obicularis oculi

6 extraocular muscles

Biology (30 decks)

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