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Biology > The 4 tissue types > Flashcards

The 4 tissue types Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 main types of glands?

A

Endocrine

Exocrine

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2
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

secretion into blood stream

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3
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

secretion into ducts

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4
Q

Modes of glandular secretion - exocrine?

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

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5
Q

How is merocrine secreted?

A

Via exocytosis

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6
Q

How is apocrine secreted?

A

tip of cell is shed as they accumulate in the apex of the cell then break off.

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7
Q

How is holocrine secreted?

A

whole cell ruptures

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8
Q

What are the types of glandular secretion?

A

Mucous -sticky
Serous- watery
Sebaceous- oily

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9
Q

How does mucous cell appear?

A

cells stain light

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10
Q

How does serous cells appear?

A

dark

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11
Q

How can exocrine glands be classified by structure?

A

their division into unicellular and multicellular

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12
Q

What is the lining of the eye inside?

A

pigmented by melanin

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13
Q

WHy is the inside of the eye pigmented by melanin?

A

serves to absorb stray light and improve image quality

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14
Q

What is a unicellular gland?

A

Goblet cell

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15
Q

What do goblet cells produce?

A

mucous

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16
Q

Where is mucous secreted into?

A

The lumen

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17
Q

Where are numerous amounts of goblet cells?

A

within the conjunctiva

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18
Q

What do conjunctival goblet cells form ?

A

The mucous layer of the tear film

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19
Q

Why is goblet cell important ?

A

It sticks the mucous layer in the tear film

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20
Q

What do the goblet cells do in the gut?

A

Protect and lubricate

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21
Q

What are multicellular glands?

A

consist of groups of secretory cells connected to the body surfaces by ducts.

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22
Q

What are simple multicellular glands?

A

have a single duct

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23
Q

What are compound multicellular ducts?

A

have several ducts

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24
Q

What is an example of a simple multicellular gland?

A

The meibomian gland of the eyelid

25
Q

Whats the structure of the meibomian gland?

A

One duct with many secretory cells

26
Q

What does the meibomian gland form?

A

The lipid layer of the tear film

27
Q

What is a non-ocular example of simple multicellular gland?

A

those found at various points of the DIGESTIVE TRACT such as COLON

28
Q

What is an example of compound multicelluar gland?

A

the lacrimal gland

29
Q

What is a acinar compound gland?

A

lacrimal gland

30
Q

What does the lacrimal gland secrete?

A

the aqueous layer of the tear film

31
Q

What are the 4 basic types of connective tissue?

A

cartilage
blood
bone
connective tissue proper

32
Q

What are the 3 things connective tissue made from?

A

ground substance
fibres
few cells

33
Q

What are the 3 connective tissue FIBRES?

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

34
Q

What is the most abundant fibre and why?

A

Collagen because it counts for 30% dry weight as its the most thickest , with a high tensile strength and unstretchable

35
Q

What is the elastic fibre?

A

Composed of elastin

stretch readily and return to their original form

36
Q

What is reticular fibre?

A

very fine collagen fibres

37
Q

What are the connective tissue proper CELLS?

A

Fibroblasts

38
Q

What is the connective tissue proper GROUND SUBSTANCE?

A

background substance which consists of glycoproteins in which other elements of the connective tissue are suspended .

39
Q

Why is a fibroblast a fundamental cell type of connective tissue proper?

A

as they secrete the fibres and the ground substance

They are often 2D and wide

40
Q

What happens if fibroblasts become activated?

A

They make ground substances if injured

41
Q

What is the stroma of the cornea made up from?

A

tightly packed collagen fibres

42
Q

How does the fibroblast appear?

A

darker areas are fibroblasts which are usually sandwhiched between the collagen

43
Q

What are the connective tissue proper cells?

A

plasma cells- which produce antibodies
macrophages- phagocytosis
mast cells- produce histamine

44
Q

What is connective tissue divided into?

A

Loose - fibres loosely arranged

dense- fibres are densely arranged

45
Q

What is loose aereolar connective tissue?

A

acts as packaging material
light and soft and most widely distrubuted
it traps fluid ( causing bruising)

46
Q

An example of loose aereolar is?

A

stroma of the iris - allows to change shape of pupil

47
Q

What is loose adipose connective tissue?

A

largely made up of fat cells (adipocytes)

48
Q

What do loose adipose tissue appear as?

A

as white spaces due to all organelles being pushed to the sideand virtually the whole cell is occupied by fat droplet

49
Q

What does fat serve as?

A

energy store
insulation- thermoregulation
protection (shock absorber)

50
Q

Where is an obvious location for fat cells?

A

Under the skin

also surrounds the lacrimal gland

51
Q

What area does the fat surround?

A

around the outside of the eye- it acts as a cushion

52
Q

What are dense regular connective tissue?

A

compact tissue
regularly arranged collagen fibres as the main component
high tensile strength

53
Q

A good example of dense regular tissue>

A

Tendon- which attached muscle to bone

54
Q

What is dense irregular tissue?

A

less regularly arranged collagen fibres

55
Q

How is dense irregular different to dense regular tissue?

A

As the collagen fibres are arranged in different directions there is strength in all different directions

56
Q

An example of dense irregular tissue?

A

Skin

57
Q

How is the collagen arranged in the corneal stroma?

A

dense regular which is what makes it transparent

58
Q

How is collagen arranged in the sclera?

A

irregular which means its structure is opaque and not transparent.

59
Q

What are other examples of goblet cells in structures?

A

trachea

ducts of salivary glands

Biology (30 decks)

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