Tissue Nematodes

Question 1

Wuchereria bancrofti causes ____________

Answer 1

filariasis

Question 2

What are the symptoms of filariasis?

Answer 2

fever
elephantiasis
lymphangitis
cellulitis

Question 3

Where does immediate hypersensitivity occur in the body if there is filariasis?

Answer 3

Lungs

Question 4

What happens in immediate hypersensitivity?

Answer 4

Eosinophilia and increased IgE tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

Question 5

What are the two species of mosquitoes that spread Wuchereria bancrofti?

Answer 5

Anopheles

Culex

Question 6

What does the infective female mosquito deposit when it bites the human in filariasis?

Answer 6

Larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 7

Microfilariae of Wuchreria has a special characteristic?

Answer 7

Circulate in blood at night

Question 8

What does a mosquito ingest when bites an infected person with wuchereria?

Answer 8

microfilariae

Question 9

___________ causes filariasis in Malaysia

Answer 9

Brugia malayi

Question 10

Brugia malayi causes filariasis in _________

Answer 10

Malaysia

Question 11

Why are the symptoms of elephantiasis produced in filariasis?

Answer 11

Worms in the lymph nodes cause inflammation that eventually obstructs the lymph node.

Question 12

__________ species are found intracellularly within filarial nematodes

Answer 12

Wolbachia

Question 13

Wolbachia are rickettsia like bacteria that produces __________ and is thought to play a role in pathogenesis of filarial infections

Answer 13

endotoxin

Question 14

___________ kills the Wolbachia, resulting in a reduction of microfilaria number and inflammation

Answer 14

Doxycycline

Question 15

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is characterized by what symptoms?

Answer 15

Cough and wheezing, especially at night

Question 16

Onchocerca volvulus causes ____________

Answer 16

onchocerciasis

Question 17

Toxocara canis and catis cause _______________

Answer 17

visceral larvae migrans

Question 18

Toxocara is spread in humans by _______ (animal)

Answer 18

Dog

Question 19

Explain the spread of toxocara

Answer 19

Worms in dog intestine → Lay eggs → pass in feces → soil gets contaminated → child ingest the soil → eggs hatch into larva → larva dies → granuloma is formed

Question 20

What are the clinical features of toxocara?

Answer 20

blindness
fever
hepatomegaly
eosinophilia

Question 21

What are the organs affected by toxocara?

Answer 21

Brain
Eyes
Liver
(Bel in dog’s neck)

Question 22

Humans are the ________ (definitive/secondary/reservoir/accidental) hosts

Answer 22

accidental

Question 23

How can we diagnose toxocara?

Answer 23

Detect larvae in tissues
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Eosinophilia

Question 24

How can we treat toxocara infection?

Answer 24

Albendazole
Mebendazole
It may resolve without treatment

Question 25

How can we prevent Toxocara from spreading?

Answer 25

Dogs should be dewormed | Children should be prevented from eating soil

Question 26

Ancylostoma species cause ____________

Answer 26

cutaneous larva migrans

Question 27

Dog hookworm → Ancylostoma _________ | Cat hookworm → Ancylostoma __________

Answer 27

Caninum | Braziliense