Tissue module 4 Flashcards
Types of tissue
Nervous
muscle
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Internal communication being brain, spinal cord and nerves.
Muscle
contracts to cause movement, muscles attached to bones, muscles of heart, muscles of walls of hollow organs.
Epithelial
forms boundaries between different enviroments, protect, secretes, absorbs, filters. Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs, skin surface.
Connective
supports, protectx, binds other tissues together
Types of epithelium
Squmous Cuboidal Columnar Transitional epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium
Endocrine glands
secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
exocrine glands
Secrete their substance to the external enviroment.
Merocrine glands
Secrete substances via exocytosis
Holocrine glands
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Secret substance via rupture of secretory cells
Two elements of connective tissue
Cells Extracellular matrix (ECM)
ground substance
Unstructured material composed of the extracellular fluid which contains proteins, proteoglycans.
Fibers
Protein strand suspended within the ground substance that provides support. There are three types of fibers in connective tissue:
Collagen fibers
Extremely tough fibers providing tensile strength
Elastic fibers
rubber like fibers allowing stretch and recoil
Recticular fibers
delicate fibers that create a web like network to support cells smaller blood vessels or nerves.
four types of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
Fluid connective tissue (blood/toto and lymph)
Cartilage
Bone
three types of loose connective tissue
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Areolar
Widely distributed, supports epithelium, including glands, surrounds small blood vessels and nerves and forms a part of the subcutaneous tissue.
Adipose
Composed of adipose cells in little extracellular matrix. Provide insulation around the kidneys, eyeballs, heart, abdomen and hips.
Reticular
Contains network of reticular fibers which support macrophages and fibroblasts. Found in liver, kidney, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow.
Types of dense connective tissue
Regular
Irregular
Elastic
Regular
Close packed bundles of collagen fibers arranged parallel to each other. Provides great resistance to unidirectional tension found in tendons, ligaments and fascia.
Irregular
bundles of collagen in an irregular arrangement. Provides resistance to tension forces from all directions found in the dermis of the skin.
Elastic
Contains vast amounts of elastic fibers which allow stretch and recoil. Found in a few ligaments, large blood vessels and bronchi.
3 types of membrane
Cutaneous
Serous
Mucous
Types of white blood cells
Neutrophils Eosinophils T lymphocytes Basophils B lymphocytes Monocytes
Neutrophils
Phagocytize (digest and destroy) bacteria, some fungi and viruses
Eosinophils
attack parasitic worms and involve allergic and asthmatic reactions
T lymphocytes
attack and destroy viral infected body cells and tumor cells
Basophils
stimulate vasodilation and attract other WBCs to areas of infection and inflammation.
B lymphocytes
Produce antibodies which identify and mark foreign antigens for destruction
Monocytes
Phagocytize infectious microbes, foreign antigens, cellular debris and dead cells.
Pacemaker cells
pacemaker cells are muscle cells that can self-stimulate; that is, they can initiate their own electrical signal to pass to neighboring cells causing contraction
