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BN507 Human Body Systems > Immune and lymphatic systems Module 6 > Flashcards

Immune and lymphatic systems Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of microbes

A

Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Acellular

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2
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Multicellular with a complex cell structure and genetic material includes DNA and RNA. e.g animals, plants

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A 
mostly unicellular (one cell),
have a simple cell structure have DNA and RNA e.g bacteria
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4
Q

Acellular

A

Genetic material such as DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein. obligate intracellular parasites. e.g viruses

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5
Q

Pathogens

A

Microbes that cause sickness and disease.

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6
Q

Normal flora

A

Microbes that normally live in/on the human body.

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7
Q

Places where normal flora is located the body.

A

All exterior openings to the body e.g skin

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8
Q

Transient flora

A

Microbes that come and go from the body, are not permanent.

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9
Q

Immune system

A

a functional system based on lots of different. cell, proteins and particles.

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10
Q

Two components of the immune system

A

Innate immunity

Adaptive immunity

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11
Q

Innate immunity

A

1st and 2nd line of defences which protect or fight against any foreign antigen.

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12
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

3rd line of defence which fights against specific foreign antigens.

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13
Q

Antigen

A

identifying a molecule on the surface on the cell of an organism.

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14
Q

Two types of antigens

A

Self antigens

Foreign antigens

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15
Q

Self antigens

A

Any antigens on your own cells.

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16
Q

Foreign antigens

A

Any antigens not normally found in your body cells.

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17
Q

Mechanisms of 1st line defence

A

mucous membrane

skin

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18
Q

Mechanisms of 2nd line defence

A 
inflammations
Natural killer cells 
antimicrobial proteins
fever
phagocytosis
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19
Q

1st line defences

A

Physical barrier and chemical barrier.

20
Q

2nd line defences

A

If mucous membranes are breached then mechanisms are activated

21
Q

phagocytosis

A

macrophages engulf foreign material

22
Q

NK cells

A

Destroy foreign antigens

23
Q

Inflammation

A

Localised response to tissue damage or foreign antigens.

24
Q

Fever

A

systemic response to infection by a foreign antigen.

25
Q

Antimicrobial proteins

A

Proteins that enhance immune responses.

26
Q

two parts of adaptive immunity

A

humoral immunity

Cell mediated immunity

27
Q

Humoral immunity

A

activation of b lymphocytes

28
Q

Cell mediated immunity

A

activation of t lymphocytes

29
Q

T helper cells

A

Activate B cells, other T cells and innate immunity. B cell then produces two daughter cells.

30
Q

Daughter cells of the B cells

A

memory B cell

Plasma B cell

31
Q

Plasma B cells

A

Make antibodies which have the same receptor for the foreign antigen.

32
Q

Memory B cells

A

remain in circulation after infection. Can launch secondary attacks on foreign antigen.

33
Q

Antibodies

A

can inactivate
bind
mark foreign antigen for destruction.

34
Q

T cytotoxic cells

A

destroy foreign antigen and infected body cells.

35
Q

T regulatory cells

A

Regulate the activity of the T cytotoxic cells so they stay on target.

36
Q

T memory cells

A

Remain in circulation after infection. Can launch secondary attacks on foreign antigen.

37
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Structural system closed circuit for instititual fluid.

38
Q

Lymphatic vasculature

A

Lymph vessels in the body

39
Q

Lymph capillaries

A

pick up instititial fluid in the body found in connective tissues.

40
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Pick up fluid that is left over from your blood and dumps it back into there blood.

41
Q

Lymph nodes

A
  • filters lymph

- deals with infection of foreign bodies by activating the immune system.

42
Q

Lymph organs

A

Tonsils
thymus
spleen

43
Q

Tonsils

A

Destroys airborne pathogens.
Destroy food borne pathogens
Destroy waterborne pathogens.

44
Q

Thymus

A

T lymphocytes mature

45
Q

Spleen

A

Filters blood
Lymphocytes proliferation
Store RBC breakdown products

BN507 Human Body Systems (7 decks)

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