Tissue Classification Flashcards
what are the four basic tissue types of organs
muscle
epithelial
connective
nervous
what are the 3 primary germ cell layers
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
the CNS and PNS arise from the differentiation of the ectoderm into what germ cell layer
neuroectoderm
bone, cartilage, muscle, etc. arise from which primary germ cell layer
mesoderm
tooth enamel, cornea, lens, etc. arise from what primary germ cell layer
ectoderm
epithelium, gut lining, GI organs, etc. arise from what primary germ cell layer
endoderm
the middle layer of skin, blood cells, etc. arise from what primary germ cell layer
mesoderm
the epidermis, lining of mouth, anus, etc. arise from what primary germ cell layer
ectoderm
what type of tissue lines the body cavity as well as forms glands and ducts
epithelial tissue
what are the 3 most common shapes of epithelial cells
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
what are the three surface modifications of epithelial tissue
microvilli
stereocilia
cilia
what are the three types of connective tissue
embryonic
loose
dense
what are the 6 types of specialized connective tissue
bone
blood
cartilage
adipose
hemopoietic
lymphatic
which primary germ cell layer is embryonic connective tissue derived from
mesoderm
what 3 factors that differentiate loose from dense connective tissue
arrangement of collagen fibers
number of cells
type/amount of ground substance
what are the two types of dense connective tissue
irregular and regular
what cells form the extracellular matrix
collagen
what is the main function of the ECM
to provide structural support and biochemical support to surrounding cells
what is a highly specialized cell that transmits electrical impulses
neuron
which part of an axon carries impulses away from the cell body
axon
which part of an axon receives impulses and carry impulses towards the cell body
dendrites
what is the term for neuronal junction where impulses are transmitted from one cell to another
synapse
where are the 5 places epithelium exists
exterior body surfaces
internal closed cavities
body tubes communication with exterior
secretory portion of glands and ducts
receptors for special senses
what are 3 characteristics of epithelium
cells are close and connect through cell junctions
polarity
basement membrane
what is the main difference between epithelioid and epithelial tissue
epithelial has a free edge
what are the 2 specialized features that occur on the surface domain of epithelium
cilia
keratinized or non-keratinized
what 3 main places would you find pseudo stratified epithelium
trachea and bronchi
ductus deferens
efferent ductules of epididymis
what four main places would you find transitional epithelium
renal calyces
ureters
bladder
urethra
what’s another name for transitional epithelium
urothelium
what is the specific term for the epithelium lining vessels and lymphatics
endothelium
which epithelium lines the walls and covers the contents of the closed cavities of the body
mesothelium
what are the 5 main functions of epithelial cells
secretion
absorption
transportation
mechanical protection
receptor function
what terminology is used to describe the specialized microvilli identified by EM on kidney cells
brush border
what terminology is used to describe the specialized microvilli identified by EM on intestinal cells
striated border
what type of cilia is immotile
stereocilia
what type of cilia act as chemosensors
primary cilia or monocilia
which cilia have rotational movement
nodal cilia
what are the 3 types of exocrine glands
merocrine
apocrine
holocrine
which type of endocrine gland undergoes programmed cell death
holocrine
which type of exocrine gland is involved in lactation
apocrine
which type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis
merocrine (eccrine)
what are the 2 main classifications of exocrine glands
unicellular and multicellular
what are the 5 types of multicellular exocrine glands
simple
compound
tubular
alveolar (acinar)
tubuloalveolar
what are the two types of exocrine gland secretions
mucinous and serous
which exocrine gland secretes a combination of mucinous and serous secretions
submandibular
which locations in the body have serous membranes
peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural cavities
how many days does it take for epithelium of skin to renew
47 days
how many days does it take for epithelium of small intestine to renew
4 to 6 days
what does the lamina propria do
support CT
what are the four cell types derived from the stem cells at the based on the intestinal glands
enterocytes
goblet cells
enteroendocrine cells
paneth cells
which cells in the small intestine absorb
enterocytes
which cells in the small intestine regulate microbes
paneth
which layer in stratified squamous epithelium undergoes mitosis
stratum basale
what are the two main components of ECM
protein fibers and ground substance
maturation and proliferation of mesenchyme gives rise to what 5 tissues
connective
muscle
vascular system
urogenital system
serous membranes
what are the three main connective tissue fibers
collagen
reticular
elastic
what type of collagen fiber is found in reticular fibers
type 3 collagen
where is type 1 collagen found
bone, skin, dentin, cornea, etc.
where is type 2 collagen found
cartilage
where is type 3 collagen found
skin, ligaments, vessels, etc.
where is type 4 collagen found
basement membrane in different tissues
where is type 5 collagen found
blood vessel wall, synovium, lung, bone, etc.
what are the five type of stable or resident cells of CT
fibroblasts
macrophages
adipocytes
mast cells
adult stem cells
what is the principal cell of CT
fibroblasts
what are the 6 types of transient cells in CT
lymphocytes
plasma cells
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
monocytes
what is this
mucin
what is this
serous
what is this
mix of mucin and serous
