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Microscopic Anatomy > Tissue Classification > Flashcards

Tissue Classification Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four basic tissue types of organs

A

muscle
epithelial
connective
nervous

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1
Q

what are the 3 primary germ cell layers

A

endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm

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2
Q

the CNS and PNS arise from the differentiation of the ectoderm into what germ cell layer

A

neuroectoderm

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3
Q

bone, cartilage, muscle, etc. arise from which primary germ cell layer

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

tooth enamel, cornea, lens, etc. arise from what primary germ cell layer

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

epithelium, gut lining, GI organs, etc. arise from what primary germ cell layer

A

endoderm

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6
Q

the middle layer of skin, blood cells, etc. arise from what primary germ cell layer

A

mesoderm

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7
Q

the epidermis, lining of mouth, anus, etc. arise from what primary germ cell layer

A

ectoderm

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8
Q

what type of tissue lines the body cavity as well as forms glands and ducts

A

epithelial tissue

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9
Q

what are the 3 most common shapes of epithelial cells

A

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

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10
Q

what are the three surface modifications of epithelial tissue

A

microvilli
stereocilia
cilia

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11
Q

what are the three types of connective tissue

A

embryonic
loose
dense

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12
Q

what are the 6 types of specialized connective tissue

A

bone
blood
cartilage
adipose
hemopoietic
lymphatic

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13
Q

which primary germ cell layer is embryonic connective tissue derived from

A

mesoderm

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14
Q

what 3 factors that differentiate loose from dense connective tissue

A

arrangement of collagen fibers
number of cells
type/amount of ground substance

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15
Q

what are the two types of dense connective tissue

A

irregular and regular

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16
Q

what cells form the extracellular matrix

A

collagen

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17
Q

what is the main function of the ECM

A

to provide structural support and biochemical support to surrounding cells

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18
Q

what is a highly specialized cell that transmits electrical impulses

A

neuron

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19
Q

which part of an axon carries impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

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20
Q

which part of an axon receives impulses and carry impulses towards the cell body

A

dendrites

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21
Q

what is the term for neuronal junction where impulses are transmitted from one cell to another

A

synapse

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22
Q

where are the 5 places epithelium exists

A

exterior body surfaces
internal closed cavities
body tubes communication with exterior
secretory portion of glands and ducts
receptors for special senses

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23
Q

what are 3 characteristics of epithelium

A

cells are close and connect through cell junctions
polarity
basement membrane

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24
Q

what is the main difference between epithelioid and epithelial tissue

A

epithelial has a free edge

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25
Q

what are the 2 specialized features that occur on the surface domain of epithelium

A

cilia
keratinized or non-keratinized

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26
Q

what 3 main places would you find pseudo stratified epithelium

A

trachea and bronchi
ductus deferens
efferent ductules of epididymis

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27
Q

what four main places would you find transitional epithelium

A

renal calyces
ureters
bladder
urethra

28
Q

what’s another name for transitional epithelium

A

urothelium

29
Q

what is the specific term for the epithelium lining vessels and lymphatics

A

endothelium

30
Q

which epithelium lines the walls and covers the contents of the closed cavities of the body

A

mesothelium

31
Q

what are the 5 main functions of epithelial cells

A

secretion
absorption
transportation
mechanical protection
receptor function

32
Q

what terminology is used to describe the specialized microvilli identified by EM on kidney cells

A

brush border

33
Q

what terminology is used to describe the specialized microvilli identified by EM on intestinal cells

A

striated border

34
Q

what type of cilia is immotile

A

stereocilia

35
Q

what type of cilia act as chemosensors

A

primary cilia or monocilia

36
Q

which cilia have rotational movement

A

nodal cilia

37
Q

what are the 3 types of exocrine glands

A

merocrine
apocrine
holocrine

38
Q

which type of endocrine gland undergoes programmed cell death

A

holocrine

39
Q

which type of exocrine gland is involved in lactation

A

apocrine

40
Q

which type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis

A

merocrine (eccrine)

41
Q

what are the 2 main classifications of exocrine glands

A

unicellular and multicellular

42
Q

what are the 5 types of multicellular exocrine glands

A

simple
compound
tubular
alveolar (acinar)
tubuloalveolar

43
Q

what are the two types of exocrine gland secretions

A

mucinous and serous

44
Q

which exocrine gland secretes a combination of mucinous and serous secretions

A

submandibular

45
Q

which locations in the body have serous membranes

A

peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural cavities

46
Q

how many days does it take for epithelium of skin to renew

A

47 days

47
Q

how many days does it take for epithelium of small intestine to renew

A

4 to 6 days

48
Q

what does the lamina propria do

A

support CT

49
Q

what are the four cell types derived from the stem cells at the based on the intestinal glands

A

enterocytes
goblet cells
enteroendocrine cells
paneth cells

50
Q

which cells in the small intestine absorb

A

enterocytes

51
Q

which cells in the small intestine regulate microbes

A

paneth

52
Q

which layer in stratified squamous epithelium undergoes mitosis

A

stratum basale

53
Q

what are the two main components of ECM

A

protein fibers and ground substance

54
Q

maturation and proliferation of mesenchyme gives rise to what 5 tissues

A

connective
muscle
vascular system
urogenital system
serous membranes

55
Q

what are the three main connective tissue fibers

A

collagen
reticular
elastic

56
Q

what type of collagen fiber is found in reticular fibers

A

type 3 collagen

57
Q

where is type 1 collagen found

A

bone, skin, dentin, cornea, etc.

58
Q

where is type 2 collagen found

A

cartilage

59
Q

where is type 3 collagen found

A

skin, ligaments, vessels, etc.

60
Q

where is type 4 collagen found

A

basement membrane in different tissues

61
Q

where is type 5 collagen found

A

blood vessel wall, synovium, lung, bone, etc.

62
Q

what are the five type of stable or resident cells of CT

A

fibroblasts
macrophages
adipocytes
mast cells
adult stem cells

63
Q

what is the principal cell of CT

A

fibroblasts

64
Q

what are the 6 types of transient cells in CT

A

lymphocytes
plasma cells
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
monocytes

65
Q

what is this

A

mucin

66
Q

what is this

A

serous

67
Q

what is this

A

mix of mucin and serous

Microscopic Anatomy (11 decks)

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