Male Reproductive System Flashcards
what is this
testis and epididymis
what is this
tunica albuginea
what are these
zoomed in image of testis
concentric rings are seminiferous tubules made of Sertoli cells
what are these
looking at zoomed in image of seminiferous tubule of testi
arrow points to spermatid within Sertoli cells
what are these
sperm in lumen of seminiferous tubule
what are these
looking at zoomed in image of seminiferous tubule of testis
leydig cells found in CT between tubules
what is this
arrow is pointing at lumen of vas deferens
what is this
looked at a zoomed in picture of a ductus deferens
specifically, looking at the muscular layer of the ductus deferens
what is this
ampulla of vas deferen, entering prostate
what is this
prostate
what are these
tubuloalveolar glands of prostate
arrow on corpora amylacea
what is this
prostate glandular epithelium
what is this
looking at zoomed in prostate tissue
specifically, the perialveolar CT of prostate or fibrous stroma
what are the top two and bottom one
top two: corpora cavernosa
bottom one: corpora spongiosum
what is this
tunica albugenia surrounding erectile bodies
what are these
blood sinuses
what is this
urethra
what are these
mucous glands of littre
what is this
superficial fascia of penis
arrow points to vessels
round structures inferior to vessels are nerves
what are the four major components of the male reproductive system
testes
genital excurrent ducts
accessory sex glands
external genitalia containing the penis and scrotum
what are the three accessory sex glands of the male reproductive system
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands
what are the two primary functions of the testis
spermatogenesis and steroidgenesis
what are the four primary locations that produce androgens in females
ovaries
adrenal glands
fat cells
skin cells
what are the four signs of PCOS
irregular menstrual period
infertility
type 2 diabetes
obesity
what are three virilizing effects associated with high androgen production in females
acne
hirsutism (excess hair)
balding
what are the two principle androgens
testosterone and androstenedione
which androgen is essential for spermatogenesis and male sexual dimorphism
testosterone
an increase in androstenedione is most suggestive of what four lesions in the adrenal gland
adrenal tumor
adrenal cancer
adrenal hyperplasia
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
what are the two ways cell division occurs during the production of male gametes
mitosis and meiosis
what week in gestation do testes develop
7th week
what gene is responsible for determining male sex
SRY
what condition presents as XY females with gonadal dysgenesis with functional female genitalia and no ovaries
Swyer syndrome
what rare congenital intersex condition presents as 46 XX karyotype that has phenotypically male characteristics
De la chapelle syndrome
what gene is required for the development of the urogenital system and regulation of the SRY transcription
WT-1 gene (wilms tumor 1 gene)
what gene mutation is present in children with familial Wilms tumor and in children with genitourinary malformations
mutations of WT-1 gene
which gene is linked to the formation of ambiguous or female sex organs in a genetically male individual
SOXg gene
what gene is responsible for the expression of several steroidogenic genes that result in a variety of male sex malformations
SF-1 gene
activation of what receptor suppresses the SET gene during gonadal sex differentiation and its mutation is responsible for congenital adrenal hypoplasia
DAX-1 gene
what are the three primary embryologic tissues the testicles are derived from
intermediate mesoderm
mesodermal epithelium
primordial germ cells
regardless of the genetic or gonadal sex, the external genitalia will develop along the female template without the presence of what hormone
DHT
which hormone does the leydig cells of the testicle secrete
testosterone
what are some of the principle effects of testosterone on the body
differentiation of CNS, genital appearance, and duct system
growth and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics
growth and maintenance of the accessory sex glands
anabolic and general metabolic processes
behavioral effects like libido
which week of gestation do testicles in males typically descend
26th week
what is the term for undescended testicles
cryptorchidism
what vascular system in the testes carries blood from the testis to the abdominal veins
pampiniform plexus
what muscle responds to changes in ambient temperature, contracting the testes closer to the abdominal wall, and its relaxation lowers the testing within the scrotum
cremaster muscle
what smooth muscle of the scrotum contracts in cold temperatures and causes the scrotum to wrinkle when cold to help regulate heat loss
dartos muscle
what thick connective tissue capsule covers each testi
tunica albugenia
each lobule of the testis contains approximately how many seminiferous tubules
1-4
where are the leydig cells found in the testicle
in connective tissue stroma lobules
what supportive cell gives structural organization to the tubules as they extend through the full thickness of the seminiferous epithelium
Sertoli cells
what cells regularly replicate and differentiate into mature sperm
spermatogenic cells
what is the function of the myoid peritubular contractile cells
create peristaltic waves to help move sperm and testicular fluid
what insulin-like protein is secreted by the leydig cells of the testis during embryologic development to stimulate the descent of the testis
insulin-like protein 3 (INSL3)
what are the three major phases of spermatogenesis
spermatogonial phase
spermatocyte phase
spermatid phase
how many days on average does spermatogenesis take to complete all stages
74 days
where do sperm acquire their motility
epididymis
what substance does the seminal vesicles secrete to sustain sperm
fructose
what type of epithelium lines the vas deferens and seminal vesicles
pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
what are the four zones of the prostate
peripheral
central
transitional
periurethral
what zone of the prostate is most likely to have cancer and has the most glandular tissue
peripheral
what part of the prostate ends at the urethra
transitional
what is the rounded eminence of the urethral crest within the posterior wall of the mid prostatic urethra
verumontanum
what glandular epithelium is in the prostate
simple columnar
what is the name of prostatic concretions that sometimes occur in the prostate glands of elderly patients
corpora amylacea
elevated serum PSA is often an indicator of what concerning disease condition
prostate cancer
what is the pH of sperm
7.7
what glands produce an alkaline mucous-like secretion in response to sexual stimulation in the penis
bulbourethral glands
what is the ventral mass of erectile tissue present in the penis
corpora cavernosa
what spongy erectile tissue surrounds the urethra of the penis
corpus spongiosum
what is the dense fibroelastic tissue that surrounds the corpora in the penis
tunica albuginea
