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Microscopic Anatomy > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

what is this

A

testis and epididymis

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2
Q

what is this

A

tunica albuginea

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3
Q

what are these

A

zoomed in image of testis
concentric rings are seminiferous tubules made of Sertoli cells

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4
Q

what are these

A

looking at zoomed in image of seminiferous tubule of testi
arrow points to spermatid within Sertoli cells

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5
Q

what are these

A

sperm in lumen of seminiferous tubule

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6
Q

what are these

A

looking at zoomed in image of seminiferous tubule of testis
leydig cells found in CT between tubules

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7
Q

what is this

A

arrow is pointing at lumen of vas deferens

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8
Q

what is this

A

looked at a zoomed in picture of a ductus deferens
specifically, looking at the muscular layer of the ductus deferens

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9
Q

what is this

A

ampulla of vas deferen, entering prostate

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10
Q

what is this

A

prostate

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11
Q

what are these

A

tubuloalveolar glands of prostate
arrow on corpora amylacea

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12
Q

what is this

A

prostate glandular epithelium

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13
Q

what is this

A

looking at zoomed in prostate tissue
specifically, the perialveolar CT of prostate or fibrous stroma

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14
Q

what are the top two and bottom one

A

top two: corpora cavernosa
bottom one: corpora spongiosum

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15
Q

what is this

A

tunica albugenia surrounding erectile bodies

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16
Q

what are these

A

blood sinuses

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17
Q

what is this

A

urethra

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18
Q

what are these

A

mucous glands of littre

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19
Q

what is this

A

superficial fascia of penis
arrow points to vessels
round structures inferior to vessels are nerves

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20
Q

what are the four major components of the male reproductive system

A

testes
genital excurrent ducts
accessory sex glands
external genitalia containing the penis and scrotum

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21
Q

what are the three accessory sex glands of the male reproductive system

A

seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands

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22
Q

what are the two primary functions of the testis

A

spermatogenesis and steroidgenesis

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23
Q

what are the four primary locations that produce androgens in females

A

ovaries
adrenal glands
fat cells
skin cells

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24
Q

what are the four signs of PCOS

A

irregular menstrual period
infertility
type 2 diabetes
obesity

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25
Q

what are three virilizing effects associated with high androgen production in females

A

acne
hirsutism (excess hair)
balding

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26
Q

what are the two principle androgens

A

testosterone and androstenedione

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27
Q

which androgen is essential for spermatogenesis and male sexual dimorphism

A

testosterone

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28
Q

an increase in androstenedione is most suggestive of what four lesions in the adrenal gland

A

adrenal tumor
adrenal cancer
adrenal hyperplasia
congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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29
Q

what are the two ways cell division occurs during the production of male gametes

A

mitosis and meiosis

30
Q

what week in gestation do testes develop

A

7th week

31
Q

what gene is responsible for determining male sex

A

SRY

32
Q

what condition presents as XY females with gonadal dysgenesis with functional female genitalia and no ovaries

A

Swyer syndrome

33
Q

what rare congenital intersex condition presents as 46 XX karyotype that has phenotypically male characteristics

A

De la chapelle syndrome

34
Q

what gene is required for the development of the urogenital system and regulation of the SRY transcription

A

WT-1 gene (wilms tumor 1 gene)

35
Q

what gene mutation is present in children with familial Wilms tumor and in children with genitourinary malformations

A

mutations of WT-1 gene

36
Q

which gene is linked to the formation of ambiguous or female sex organs in a genetically male individual

A

SOXg gene

37
Q

what gene is responsible for the expression of several steroidogenic genes that result in a variety of male sex malformations

A

SF-1 gene

38
Q

activation of what receptor suppresses the SET gene during gonadal sex differentiation and its mutation is responsible for congenital adrenal hypoplasia

A

DAX-1 gene

39
Q

what are the three primary embryologic tissues the testicles are derived from

A

intermediate mesoderm
mesodermal epithelium
primordial germ cells

40
Q

regardless of the genetic or gonadal sex, the external genitalia will develop along the female template without the presence of what hormone

A

DHT

41
Q

which hormone does the leydig cells of the testicle secrete

A

testosterone

42
Q

what are some of the principle effects of testosterone on the body

A

differentiation of CNS, genital appearance, and duct system
growth and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics
growth and maintenance of the accessory sex glands
anabolic and general metabolic processes
behavioral effects like libido

43
Q

which week of gestation do testicles in males typically descend

A

26th week

44
Q

what is the term for undescended testicles

A

cryptorchidism

45
Q

what vascular system in the testes carries blood from the testis to the abdominal veins

A

pampiniform plexus

46
Q

what muscle responds to changes in ambient temperature, contracting the testes closer to the abdominal wall, and its relaxation lowers the testing within the scrotum

A

cremaster muscle

47
Q

what smooth muscle of the scrotum contracts in cold temperatures and causes the scrotum to wrinkle when cold to help regulate heat loss

A

dartos muscle

48
Q

what thick connective tissue capsule covers each testi

A

tunica albugenia

49
Q

each lobule of the testis contains approximately how many seminiferous tubules

A

1-4

50
Q

where are the leydig cells found in the testicle

A

in connective tissue stroma lobules

51
Q

what supportive cell gives structural organization to the tubules as they extend through the full thickness of the seminiferous epithelium

A

Sertoli cells

52
Q

what cells regularly replicate and differentiate into mature sperm

A

spermatogenic cells

53
Q

what is the function of the myoid peritubular contractile cells

A

create peristaltic waves to help move sperm and testicular fluid

54
Q

what insulin-like protein is secreted by the leydig cells of the testis during embryologic development to stimulate the descent of the testis

A

insulin-like protein 3 (INSL3)

55
Q

what are the three major phases of spermatogenesis

A

spermatogonial phase
spermatocyte phase
spermatid phase

56
Q

how many days on average does spermatogenesis take to complete all stages

A

74 days

57
Q

where do sperm acquire their motility

A

epididymis

58
Q

what substance does the seminal vesicles secrete to sustain sperm

A

fructose

59
Q

what type of epithelium lines the vas deferens and seminal vesicles

A

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

60
Q

what are the four zones of the prostate

A

peripheral
central
transitional
periurethral

61
Q

what zone of the prostate is most likely to have cancer and has the most glandular tissue

A

peripheral

62
Q

what part of the prostate ends at the urethra

A

transitional

63
Q

what is the rounded eminence of the urethral crest within the posterior wall of the mid prostatic urethra

A

verumontanum

64
Q

what glandular epithelium is in the prostate

A

simple columnar

65
Q

what is the name of prostatic concretions that sometimes occur in the prostate glands of elderly patients

A

corpora amylacea

66
Q

elevated serum PSA is often an indicator of what concerning disease condition

A

prostate cancer

67
Q

what is the pH of sperm

A

7.7

68
Q

what glands produce an alkaline mucous-like secretion in response to sexual stimulation in the penis

A

bulbourethral glands

69
Q

what is the ventral mass of erectile tissue present in the penis

A

corpora cavernosa

70
Q

what spongy erectile tissue surrounds the urethra of the penis

A

corpus spongiosum

71
Q

what is the dense fibroelastic tissue that surrounds the corpora in the penis

A

tunica albuginea

Microscopic Anatomy (11 decks)

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