Cell Components Flashcards
what microscopy method uses polymers to expand tissue for better resolution
expansion microscopy
what is the term for the microscope’s len’s ability to produce separate images of closely positioned objects
resolving power
what is a picometer in comparison to a meter
one trillionth of a meter
what is a micron in comparison to a meter
one millionth of a meter
what is a nanometer in comparison to a meter
one billionth of a meter
what consdenser diaphragm setting is the best
2/3rd of the objective aperture
what types of cells are MHC class 2
macrophages and lymphocytes
what is the major protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane
ATP synthase
what are the three digestive enzymes that are integral membrane proteins
amylase
pepsin
trypsin
what compartment in the cytoplasm is responsible for sorting and redirecting proteins
endosomes
how many membranes do the mitochondria have
2
what 2 cells types don’t have mitochondria
red blood cells
terminal keratinocytes
what is another name for the centrosome
microtubule-organizing center (MTOC)
5 common inclusions that might be found in a cell
lipofuscin
hemosiderin
glycogen
crystalline
viral
what two cells typically have glycogen
liver and striated muscle
what tests uses fluorescent dyes combines with multiple nucleotide probes to visualize specific genes or portions of genes in a cell
fluoresce in situ hybridization (FISH)
what are some examples of how FISH testing is used
screening for cancer
screening for HIV
prenatal diagnostic testing
what is the importance in FISH testing
it can test for specific biomarkers in solid and hematological neoplasms
what are some advantages of autoradiograph
provides high sensitivity and resolution
can be used to analyze the length and number of DNA fragments after they are separated from one another by gel electrophoresis
what are some advantages of expansion microscopy
chemicals are inexpensive
can be used with ordinary microscopes
superior resolution
expansion capability up to 20 times
what is the purpose of anchoring in expansion microscopy
reagents bind the proteins or molecules of interest to the probes with fluorescent label
what is the purpose of technical homogenization in expansion microscopy
the ultrasonic homogenizer and proteinases digests or breaks-down the structural molecules of the cell to prepare the tissue to receive the expander solvent
what can cause variances in resolution
type of optical system
wavelength
thickness of specimen
fixation
staining intensity
what is the method of specimen illumination used for transmitted and reflected light optical microscopy that reduces light source interference
Kohler illumination
what are some advantages of Kohler illumination
even illumination of sample
reduces image artifacts
provides high sample contrast
when would you use a phase contrast microscope
when examining unstained cells or living cells
what is a common microscopic technology used in pathology that transmits over mobile devices uses a slide scanner
virtual microscope
which structure in the cell makes ribosomes
nucleolus
what are the three components of the cell membrane
lipids
proteins
carbs
what are the three purposes of linker proteins
provides structure to cells
helps to provide movement to cells
may link cells together
what binds mRNA and tRNA
ribosomes
what component of the cytoskeleton acts as a conveyer belt
microtubules
what are the three major types of endocytosis
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
