Tissue Flashcards
Function of epithelial tissue?
- Covers surfaces
- Separates compartments
What are desmosomes?
Cell-cell adhering junctions
Function of desmosomes?
- Uniform movement
- Provides anchorage
What binds epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix (basal lamina)?
Hemidesmosomes
Function of epithelial cells in the gut?
- Absorption through microvilli
Function of cilia?
Transportation of extracellular components (mucus)
Describe simple squamous epithelium
- Single cell thick
- Flat cells
What are simple squamous epithelial cells good for?
Diffusion
Simple cuboidal epithelium?
- Single cell thick
- Cuboid shape
Function of simple cuboidal epithelium?
- Secretions
- Absorption
What structure will you find simple cuboidal epithelium?
- Nephrons
Where are simple columnar epithelium found?
- Lining of digestive tract
What do simple columnar epithelium usually have coming out of the axial layer?
Microvilli
Where in the body do you find stratified squamous epithelium?
Epidermis
Where in the body do you find stratified cuboidal?
Sweat gland ducts
Where in the body do you find stratified columnar?
Pharynx
What is the function of the stratified columnar cells in the pharynx?
- Protection
- Secretion
Name of the epithelial tissue in the liver?
Hepatocytes
Function of the hepatocytes?
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Lining of blood vessels and bile ducts
Function of the epithelium found in the kidney?
- Filtration
- Partial absorption of the filtrate
Name of the specialised epithelium found in the bladder
Transitional stratified epithelium
What can occur with problems from damage to the covering epithelium
- Under/over secretion
- Lack of cilia
- Under/over proliferation
What are endocrine glands?
Glands that secrete into the blood
What are exocrine glands?
Glands that secrete onto their surface
Two types of simple glands?
- Tubular
- Acinar
Example of a compound gland?
Tubuloacinar gland, salivary glands
How do myoepithelial cells ensure secretion of a molecule?
They contract around the space where the secrete is to push it out
Example of a disease caused by over secretion?
- Pituitary gigantism
- Hyperthyrodism
Example of a disease caused by under secretion
- Pituitary dwarfism
- Hypothyroidism
Two types of fibrous connective tissue?
- Collagen
- Elastic fibres
Structural characteristics of collagen?
- Flexible
- Inelastic
- Very strong
Structural characteristics of elastin?
- Elastic
What is elastin made of ?
- Microfibrils
- An amorphous component
What is ground substance?
- Gel like substance
What is ground substance made of?
- Proteoglycans
- Hyaluronic acid
- Glycoproteins
What is a proteoglycan?
Protein core surrounded by GAGs
What is a glycoprotein?
Sugar covalently bonded to a protein
2 names given to types of loose connective tissue?
Fixed
Transient
Examples of fixed connective tissue?
- Fibroblasts
- Macrophages
- Mast cells
- Adipocytes
Example of transient connective tissue?
Lymphocytes
What disease can abnormal function of bone result in?
- Osteoporosis
What disease can abnormal function of blood result in?
Leukaemia
