Skin

Question 1

What are the cells in the epidermis called?

Answer 1

Keratinocytes

Question 2

What do keratinocytes make?

Answer 2

Keratin

Question 3

What is the function of the epidermis?

Answer 3

• Prevents water loss

- Separates internal and external environment

Question 4

What is the function of the dermis?

Answer 4

• Maintains epidermis with blood flow
• Allows cooling
• Immune surveillance
• UV protection
• Sensory info
• Structural strength

Question 5

What is the hypodermis?

Answer 5

?Adipose tissue below dermis

Question 6

What is the function of the hypodermis

Answer 6

Anchoring the skin to underlying tissue

Question 7

What are the 4 cell types found in the epidermis?

Answer 7

• Keratinocytes
• Melanocytes
• Langerhans cells
• Merkel cells

Question 8

What is the function of melanocytes?

Answer 8

Pigment formation

Question 9

What is the function of langerhans cells

Answer 9

Immune surveillance

Question 10

What are merkel cells?

Answer 10

• Touch receptors

- Essentially nerve endings

Question 11

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Answer 11

• Stratum corneum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum basale

Question 12

What is the cell arrangement of the stratum basale?

Answer 12

• Tall columnar cells

- Interspaced melanocytes and merkel cells

Question 13

How are cells in the stratum basale bound to the basement membrane?

Answer 13

Hemidesmosomes

Question 14

How are cels in the stratum basale linked to each other?

Answer 14

Desmosomes

Question 15

What is the relationship between the papillary layer of the dermis and the stratum basale like?

Answer 15

• Papillary layer projects into the SB in some areas and a lot less in others

Question 16

What cells are in the stratum basale?

Answer 16

Pre-keratinocyte stem cells

Question 17

Where does the stratum spinosum start?

Answer 17

After cell death

Question 18

Why is it called “spinosum”

Answer 18

Cells have spines

Question 19

How do the cells of the stratum spinosum form spines?

Answer 19

• Cell shrinks after death but desmosomes stay attached

Question 20

What does the stratum granulosum contain?

Answer 20

Granules of keratohyalin

Question 21

Where is keratohyalin converted into keratin?

Answer 21

Stratum corneum

Question 22

Which skin layer varies in thickness?

Answer 22

Stratum corneum

Question 23

Where is thick skin?

Answer 23

• Hands

- Feet

Question 24

Where is thin skin?

Answer 24

Abdomen

Question 25

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 25

• Papillary layer

- Reticular layer

Question 26

What type of connective tissue is the papillary layer?

Answer 26

Loose connective

Question 27

What type of tissue is the reticular layer?

Answer 27

Dense irregular connective

Question 28

What are the blood vessels in the dermis responsible for?

Answer 28

• Thermoregulation

- Supplying the dermis and stratum basale with oxygen

Question 29

What is the name of the structural protein found in the reticular layer

Answer 29

Collagen

Question 30

What does the dermis lose with age?

Answer 30

Elasticity

Question 31

What glands are found in the reticular layer?

Answer 31

• Sebaceous gland

- Sweat glands

Question 32

What other structures are found in the reticular layer?

Answer 32

• Receptors
• Nails
• Vessels

Question 33

How do cells develop waterproofing?

Answer 33

• Form keratin

- Have glycolipid in between cells

Question 34

What protects the skin from UV?

Answer 34

Melanin

Question 35

What muscle causes piloerection?

Answer 35

Erector pili

Question 36

What is secreted by sebaceous glands?

Answer 36

Sweat