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Science for Med Revision > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three main functions of bone?

A
  • Weight bearing/support
  • Mineral store
  • Hematopoiesis
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2
Q

What is the name of the hard bone on the outside?

A

Cortical bone

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3
Q

How is cortical bone organised?

A
  • Osteons

- Haversian systems

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4
Q

What are the two canals that exist in haversian systems?

A
  • Central Haversian canal

- Horizontal volkmanns canal

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5
Q

What surrounds a haversian canal?

A
  • Osteocytes

- Concentric rings of bone matrix

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6
Q

What is spongy bone called

A

Trabecular

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7
Q

What is the structure of trabecular bone?

A
  • Network of lamellated trabeculae
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8
Q

Which direction do the trabeculae run?

A

In the same direction as the main mechanical force of the bone

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9
Q

What is the name of the cavity inside the bone

A

Medullary cavity

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10
Q

What are the 6 types of bone? (FISSSL)

A
  • Flat
  • Irregular
  • Sesamoid
  • Sutural
  • Short
  • Long
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11
Q

What are the two types of ossification?

A
  • Endochronal

- Intramembranous

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12
Q

Which bones grow using endochronal ossification?

A
  • Long bones
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13
Q

What bones grow intramembranously?

A
  • Flat bones
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14
Q

Name the bones in the body that ossify intramembranously

A
  • Flat bones in the skull
  • Mandible
  • Maxilla
  • Clavicles
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15
Q

Describe the stages of endochondral ossification

A
  • Cartilage model forms initially
  • Blood vessels invade cartilage model
  • Cartilage replaced with bone
  • Cartilage remains at epiphyseal growth plate for growth
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16
Q

Describe the stages of intramembranous ossification

A
  • No cartilaginous stage
  • Mesenchymal cells mature into osteoblasts and start depositing bone
  • Other mesenchymal cells become blood vessels
17
Q

What three cells are involved in bone

A
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteoclasts
  • Osteocytes
18
Q

What % of the extracellular matrix is hydroxyapatite?

A

45%

19
Q

What does hydroxyapatite do to bones?

A

Makes them stiff and able to support structures

20
Q

What % of the extracellular matrix is collagen?

A

35%

21
Q

What does collagen give the bone?

A

Flexibility

22
Q

What cells mediate the bones ability to remodel?

A
  • Osteoclasts degrade old bone

- Osteoblasts build up new bone

23
Q

In what membranes are osteoblasts created?

A
  • Periosteum

- Endosteum

24
Q

What is the osteoid?

A

Unmineralised matrix

25
Q

What bone disease can result of greater reabsorption by osteoclasts than laying down of new bone by osteoblasts?

A

Osteoporosis

26
Q

What disease results in a decrease of bone reabsorption?

A

Osteopetrosis

27
Q

Why does bone mass reduce after menopause?

A
  • Oestrogen normall inhibits bone breakdown

- Less oestrogen produced

Science for Med Revision (29 decks)

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