Lipids 1 Flashcards
Name the 4 lipid classes
- Phospholipids
- TAG’s
- Steroids
- Glycolipids
What causes unsaturation of FA’s?
- C=C bonds cause a kink in the chain
- More bent
- More liquid
How many carbons long can humans no longer produced C=C bonds
Carbon 9
Name 2 essential FA’s
- Lineloic Acid
- Linelonic acid
What does linelonic acid produce?
Omega 3 FA’s
What is the role of omega 3 FA’s
Lowering LDL cholesterol
What are bile salts?
- Emulsifiers
- Allow enzymes to break down digested FA’s
What do lipids exist as in the blood?
Lipoproteins
Where does chylomicron transport FA’s to and from?
- Small intestine to
- Adipose tissue
VLDL?
Liver to tissue
LDL
Tissue to blood vessels
HDL
Tissue to liver
How are TAG’s digested?
- Degraded to monoacylglycerol and 2 FA’s
- Absorbed through mucous cells in small intestine
What is steatorrhea and who is most susceptible?
- Fatty faeces
- Cystic fibrosis sufferers
Removal of what organ will reduce FA digestion?
Gall bladder as it produces bile
How are TAG stores used in response to hunger?
- Epinephrine released
- HSL phosphorylated
- HSL then releases FA’s from TAG
What does HSL stand for?
Hormone Sensitive Lipase
How is HSL inhibited
High [blood glucose]
How are dietary lipids transported following digestion?
- Packaged into chylomicron
- Transported to adipose tissue to be resynthesised into TAG
OR
- Transported in and released into the lymph
What are chylomicron made of?
apoB-48
What is contained in chylomicron?
Lipoprotein lipase
What does lipoprotein lipase do in the chylomicron?
- Degrades TAG to glycerol and FA
How are phospholipids digested?
Broken down into lysophospholipid and FA
What are the uses of glycerol?
- Used in the liver to produce glycerol-3-phosphate which cane be used in glycolysis
