tissue Flashcards
what r tisues??
made up of many cells which perform same function. helps in division of labour and prganised to form organs
explain plant tissue
- requires less energy
- growth through out life but confined in some areas
- many tissues are dead
- stationary habit of plants
- cant reproduce
animal plants
- require more energy
- growth till maturity but not limited
- many tissues are living
- mobility habits of animal
- can reproduce
meristematic tissue
- growth tissue
- vacuoles are small and less in number
- found in root tips, shoot tips, nodes and internodes
- compact manner, no intercellular space
- regeneration
apical meristerm
- primary growth developing part
- present in root and shoot tips
- plumule => shoot and radical => root
intercalery
- growth of no. of branches
- present in internodes and nodes
- making branch stable
lateral meristerm
- growing of width and diameter of shoot and root
- present in bark layer ot root or shoot layer
- types - cambium (enter layer), cork (outermost prtection) and vascular(pradocues vasuclar tissues)
permanent tissue
formed of meristematic tissues. they dont divide. they are differentiatited tissues.
simple permanent tissue(supportive)
- parenchyma - soft part of root and stem, loosly packed and hv cell wall, large anf central vacuole, stores food and transpiration, provides buoyancy to hydroplytes. xylem and phloyem.
- collenchyme - found leaf stalk, cell wall is thick at some point coz of pectin(extracted from fruits), few chloroplasts, mechnical support.
- sclenrenchyma - hard covering of seeds and nuts, cells are narrow and long, cell wall is lignified(hard as cement), provides strength and permanet support, exchnge of fluids thorugh pits in cell wall
types of parenchyma
- chlorenchyma - helps in photosynthesis and had chlorophyll
- aerenchyma - allows to float and has large spaces. eg aquatic plants
smiple permantnet tissues (protective)
epidermal cells - outermost layer, single layer, protection against water, formes stomata for exachnge of gases, no intercellular space.
in old plants epidermal ceel layer changed to dead cell layer.
complex permanent tissues
collection of structural dessimilar cells performing a comman function. helps in tranportation on food and water
explain pholem
phloem - transporting food, has tubes but no mechanical support.
* sieve tupes - tubular, pores, tine layer of cytoplasm
* sieve cells - long condulting
* compenion cells - small transporting food
* pholem fibers - mechanical strengh
* pholem paranchyma - thin wall, storage and lateral conduction of food
explain xylem
- xylem - transports water and minerals in upward direction.
* tranchies - tubes like cell, lignified walla dn lack protoplasm.
* vessels - long cylinders, lignified wall. stores food
animal tissues
The animal cells are grouped together to form animal tissues. These tissues vary in their structure, function, and origin. The animal tissues are divided into epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues.
epithelial tissues
- squamous - protective sheet - covers organs continous and cosely packed, lack of blood supply, protection, excreation, absorption, division and regeneration. covering of tounge
- columnar - plillar like, area pf secretionn and absorption. small instestine, stomatch, gall bladder, machanical support.
- cubiodal - cube shaped cells, machenical strenght, absorption, excreation.
muscular tissues
- striated - stripped by dark and light connected to bones and aid in body movement. long unbranched, multi nucleus. in limbs. voluntary
- smooth - unstraited,ingle nucleus, long and pointed ends. in blood vessels, respiratory, urinary bladders, iris. involuntary
- cardiac muscles - single nucleus, strips of light and dark band, cylindrical with branches. in heart. involuntary
connective and areolar tissue
connective tissues made of irragular cells, loosely packed, bind together, suppoter.
areolar - madeof collagen and elastin. in blood vessels, repain injury, angulph the dead cells.anitibodies are produced.
types of connective tissues
- adipose - fat layer, protects from direct injury, stores and releases energy, insulation from cold and dry.
- blood - had fluid called plasma. RBC and WBC r present.
- ligament - connects two bones at joints
- tendons - connects bones to muscles
- cartilage - smooths bones at joints. had matrix
- areolar - between skin and muscles
mascular tissues
- elongated cells
- also called muscular fibers
- helps in movement of body
- special protein called contractile
- contrction and relaxation while movement
skeleton muscles
- mostly attached to bone
- helps in body movement
- light and dark bands
- also called striated muscles
- long, cylindrical, unbranchedand multinucleated
smooth muscles
- contraction and relaxation of blood vessels
- involuntary muscles
- presents in iris and ureters and lungs
- long pointed ends and uninucleated
- unstriated
cardiac muscles
- present in heart
- involuntary
- cylindrical, branched and uninucleated
- transmitting pulse rapidly from one to another
