crop production and management Flashcards
what is a crop? name the types of it
Plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on large scale is called crop. There are two types of crops: Kharif and Rabi crop.
name all the agricultural practices.
1 preparation of soil 2 sowing 3 adding manure and fertilizer 4 irrigation 5 protecting from weeds 6 harvesting 7 storage
What is preparation of soil? How is it done(explain them).
The process if loosening the soil and turning of the soil is called tiling or ploughing. it is done by Plough(made of wood and is drawn by a pair of bulls or horse) and Hoe(it has a long rod and a strong, broad and bent plate of iron is fixed).
what is sowing? tools used for sowing.
is an important part of crop production. good quality of seeds are selected, before sowing. tools: funnel and seed drills.
how is funnel and seed drill used?
seeds are filled into the funnel. passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends. these ends pierce into the soil and place seeds there.
seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractor. uniformly at equal distance and depth, seeds get covered by the soil after sowing to protect it from birds. it saves time and labour.
what is manure and fertilizer?
manure is decomposed of cattle dung and dead decade plants and animals. prepared in fields. provides a lot of humus. less rich in nutrients.
fertilizer is man made inorganic salt. prepared in factories. does not provide humus. very rich in plant nutrients.
give advantages of manure
1 it enhances the water holding capacity.
2 soil porous due to which exchange of gases become easy
3 increases the number of friendly microbes.
4 improves texture of soil
what is irrigation? name sources of irrigation.
the supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called irrigation.
sources are well, river, lakes, dams, etc.
name and explain the methods of irrigation?
sprinkler system: the perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. when the water is allowed to flow it gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining. very useful for lawns, coffee plantation and more.
drip system: the water falls directly near the roots drop by drop. useful for fruit and vegetation plantation, trees and gardens. water is not wasted and helpful in poor water regions.
what is weeds and how to get over it.
many undesirable plants grow naturally along with crop. this is called weeds. they compete with crop for sunlight, water, space and nutrients. some may be poisonous.
removal of weed is called weeding. tilling before sowing helps in uprooting and killing weeds. best time to remove weeds is before planting flowers. weeds are also remover by weedicides (chemicals) like 2, 4-D
what is harvesting and how is it done.
cutting of crop after it is mature is called harvesting. it take 3-4 months for a cereal crop to mature. grain seeds need to be separated from a chaff. this process is called threshing. this is done by combine or manually. small holding lands do separation of grains and chaff by winnowing.
how is storage done
farmers store grains in jute bags or metallic bins. large scale storage is done in in silos and granaries
what is anime husbandry
animals reared at home or in farms, have to be provided with proper food, shelter and care. when this is done in a large scale it is called anime husbandry.
difference between kharif and rabi crop
kharif: rainy season, june to sep, paddy and maize
rabi: winter season, oct to march, gram and pea
