Tissue Flashcards
Which type of tissue forms glands?
Epithelia
Is the epithelia vascular or avascular?
Avascular, it relies on the connective tissue for blood supply
What is the name given to the top and bottom of epithelia cells?
Apical - exposed to the surface cavity
Basal surface
What is the function of squamous epithelial cells?
Fast absorption and diffusion, making thin membranes
What is the function of cuboidal cells?
Absorb nutrients and produce secretions
What is the function of cuboidal cells?
Cushions underlying tissues
What is meant by pseudostratified?
Mostly one layer, cells with different shapes and sizes
What is the basement membrane?
The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous, extracellular matrix of tissue that separates the epithelium from underlying connective tissue.
What does the basement membrane consist of?
The basal lamina and the underlying layer of reticular connective tissue
What is the basal lamina?
It is the layer of extracellular matrix on which the epithelium sits
What is the reticular connective tissue composed of?
A network of collagen fibres
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine - secretes hormones into the blood stream or nearby cells
Exocrine - secretes their juices into tubes or ducts
Which type of gland loses contact with the cell surface?
Endocrine
What are the two types of tubular glands?
Tubular or acinar
or they can mix to form tubuloacinar
What is the difference in secretions between acinar and tubular glands?
Acinar - Thick mucus
Tubular - Secretes thinner liquids which can travel easily from tubular glands
What are the two types of exocrine gland?
Mucous and serous
What are the products of mucous and serous glands?
Mucous - mucous - a secretion rich in proteglycans
Serous - a secretion rich in proteins often enzymes
What is the function of myoepithelial cells?
Cuboidal cells that contract to secrete sticky mucous
Why can’t you store steroid hormones?
And what do you store instead?
They would immediately leave the cell
Instead you store their precursors (lipids)
What are all steroids derived from?
Cholesterol
What is meant by parenchyma?
The functional parts of the organ within the body
What is meant by the stroma?
The structural tissues of organs (mostly connective tissue).
How are hepatocyte cells arranged?
In rows between blood vessels
What functions do hepatocytes have?
Involved in protein synthesis and storage
What are the functions of support epithelial cells in the liver?
Line blood vessels and bile ducts
What are the functions of the support epithelial cells in the kidney?
Lines the blood vessels and the renal pelvis (which receives toxic urine)
Give an example of over and under secretion of a gland
Pituitary dwarfism
Pituitary gigantism
What lines the fallopian tube?
Ciliated columnar epithelium
What is the effect of chlamydia?
Causes extensive scarring and adhesions (parts of tissue become connected that are not meant to be connected)
Mucus is very thick, meaning sperm and ovum cannot move
What are the different classes of connective tissue?
Proper, cartilage, bone and blood
What are the functions of connective tissue?
Bind and support Protect Insulate Stores reserve fluid and energy Transports substances within the body Movement
Where does all connective tissue come from?
Mesenchyme - loose and fluid embryonic tissue
What is connective tissue mostly composed of?
Non-living material, the extracellular matrix
What is the extracellular matrix composed of?
Ground substance and Proteglycans
What is the function of ground substance?
Fills in spaces between cells
What is the function of proteoglycans?
- Anchoring
- Produces lots of starchy glands called glycosaminoglycans, they radiate out of proteins like brush bristles which form tangles and trap water
What are the different types of fibres than run throughout the ground substance?
Collagen, reticular and elastic fibres
What is the most abundant type of fibre that runs throughout the ground substance?
Collagen - Strongest, tough and flexible
Which type of fibre is long and thin and runs throughout the ground substance in a branching network and can be found in sheets?
Elastic fibres, which can stretch and recoil
What type of fibre is short finer collagen fibres with an extra coating of glycoprotein?
Reticular
What is the function of the reticular layer?
Delicate sponge like network that supports and cradles organs
What is meant by ‘Blast’ cells
They are immature cells that are responsible for forming fibers and ground substance that form its unique matrix
What is meant by ‘cyte’ cells?
Mature cells that have finished forming their matrix
Give an example of connective tissue with an immune fucntion
Macrophages
What determines wether proper connective tissue is dense or loose?
The amount of fibres within the ground substance
Give examples of loose connective tissue
Areolar, reticular, adipose
What are the cells and fibers contained within the areolar connective tissue?
Fibroblast cells, mast cells and white blood cells
Collagen fibers, Elastin fibers, and Reticular fibers
What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body?
Loose connective
Give examples of dense proper connective tissue
Regular
Irregular
Elastic
What is the difference between dense regular and dense irregular proper connective tissue?
Regular - Fibres in rows
Irregular - Fibres not in rows - where tissue is exposed to forces in many directions
Where can you find elastic tissue?
Artery walls
