Theraputic Options Flashcards
What is CRC (colorectal cancer) linked to in terms of diet?
Red meat consumption
What is
breast cancer linked to in terms of diet?
Saturated fat intake
What is the current advice for diet?
5 or more portions of fruit or veg per day
Avoid obesity
Regular exercise every day (30 minutes)
How do we screen for Cervical cancer, CRC and breast cancer?
Smear tests
Faecal occult blood the most commonly used test
- 16% reduction in CRC mortality
Mammography
How do we screen for prostate cancer?
PSA blood test
How do we screen for lung cancer?
MR / CT scanning
Breath test
How do we protect families with a history of CRC & familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP)?
Screen families for APC mutations
- regular colonoscopy
- offer panprotocolectomy when adenomas found
What is recommended for those with high risk of oesophageal cancer?
Supplement diet with anti-oxidants
What is recommended for those with high risk of breast cancer?
Prophylactic tamoxifen
What are the therapeutic ‘treatment options’?
Local or regional treatment
- surgery
- radiotherapy
- ablation (freezing, radio-frequency, etc)
- isolated limb perfusion
Systemic treatment
- hormonal therapy - chemotherapy - immunotherapy - whole body irradiation (for BMT)
What are the principles of staging?
Looking WHERE it is and examining it using radiological techniques (CT , MRI, USS, PET etc)
Determining WHAT kind of cancer it is using pathology / cytology
To determine Classification, risk factors etc
Genomics likely to play a role in the future
What are the advantages of radiotherapy?
Can treat inoperable lesions (– treat things you can’t remove)
Can make surgery become possible
Can maintain function and or appearance
Important role in palliation - improving someones symptoms
What are the 5 R’s of radiobiology?
Radiosensitivity Repair Re-population Re-oxygenation Re-assortment
Define radiosensitivity
How sensitive the tumour is to the treatment
What is the principle of re-oxygenation?
Having oxygen present makes the treatment more effective.
