Storing and Using Genetic Information Flashcards

1
Q

Which Carbon is responsible for the difference between Deoxyribose and Ribose?

A

Carbon 2 DNA has an H OH in RNA

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2
Q

Which base swaps in with Thymine in RNA?

A

Uracil

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3
Q

What takes place in the Nucleus?

A

DNA replication and transcription

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4
Q

What is chromatin?

A

The material of which chromosomes are composed, including protein, DNA and RNA

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5
Q

What are the different forms of chromatin?

A

Heterochromatin (condensed) and euchromatin (extended) - active

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6
Q

How is chromatin made more accessible to enzymes? The folding in combination with the nucleosomes pose barriers to enzymes

A

Histones are enzymatically modified Histones are displaced by chromatin remodelling complexes

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7
Q

Why is DNA replication said to be semi-conservative?

A

one-half of each new molecule of DNA is old; one-half new

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8
Q

When is DNA most tightly packed?

A

During metaphase

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9
Q

What portion of DNA is a coding region?

A

Exons

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10
Q

What portion of DNA is a non-coding region?

A

Introns

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11
Q

What is meant by degeneracy?

A

Amino acids can be encoded for by more than one codon, with the exception of methionine and tryptophan

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12
Q

Which gene is responsible for sickle cell anaemia?

A

Mutated hemaglobin gene

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13
Q

What is alternative splicing?

A

It is when the exons are reconnected in multiple ways during RNA splicing, different mRNA’s may be translated into different protein isoforms - single gene can code for multiple proteins.

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14
Q

Where is an anti-codon found?

A

On the tRNA molecule

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15
Q

What is the major role of tRNA?

A

Translation of mRNA

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16
Q

What is rRNA?

A

Ribosomal RNA rRNA is essential for amino acid and protein synthesis and is a key component of translation in the cell

17
Q

What is a polysome?

A

When several ribosomes translate mRNA at the same time