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Intro to Vet Med. > Ticks. > Flashcards

Ticks. Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ticks hypostome?

A

It’s mouth.

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2
Q

What are the 2 basic parts of a tick?

A

Abdomen.

Capitulum.

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3
Q

What is the abdomen of a tick?

A

The entire body of the tick.

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4
Q

What is the capitulum of a tick?

A

The mouthlike part that sticks out from the head.

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5
Q

What is the scutum of a tick?

A

The area of the abdomen that is just behind the capitulum.

Also known as the shield.

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6
Q

What are the 2 mouthparts of a tick?

A

The chelicerae.

The hypostome.

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7
Q

What is the major structural difference between soft and hard ticks?

A

Soft ticks do not have a scutum.

Hard ticks have a scutum.

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8
Q

How does the scutum differ in adult male ticks and in juvenile male ticks or females?

A

In adult males, the dorsum is covered by the scutum.

In juvenile males and in females, the scutum only covers the anterior part of the dorsum.

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9
Q

What is an ornate scutum?

A

A scutum that is patterned.

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10
Q

What is an inornate scutum?

A

A scutum that is not patterned.

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11
Q

What kind of ticks will engorge on blood?

A

Only adult female ticks.

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12
Q

What kind of ticks are festoons found on?

A

Only on hard ticks.

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13
Q

What are festoon regions that are found on ticks?

A

Semi-rectangular areas that are adjacent to the posterior area of the dorsum.

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14
Q

Can ticks have ornate festoons?

A

Yes.

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15
Q

What area of the tick is often used to identify the species of tick?

A

The capitulum.

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16
Q

What parts of the tick make up the capitulum?

A

Mouthparts + basic capituli = capitulum.

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17
Q

What is the capitulum of the tick used for?

A

To anchor the tick to the host.

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18
Q

What are soft ticks also referred to as?

A

Argasid ticks.

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19
Q

How do soft ticks mate and reproduce?

A

They mate away from the host.

Female ticks then attach to the host and lay 200 to 300 eggs at each feeding.

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20
Q

What are hard ticks also referred to as?

A

As ixodid ticks.

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21
Q

How do hard ticks mate and reproduce?

A

They mate on the host and the female ticks deposit

thousands of eggs onto the host and then die.

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22
Q

What type of hard ticks do not mate on the host?

A

Ixodes.

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23
Q

How do ticks pass on a pathogen?

A

They ingest a pathogen from one host and then pass it to the next host.

24
Q

What is the best method to use when removing ticks?

A

Apply 70% alcohol or liquid soap to a cotton ball and cover the tick.

The tick will move out of the skin and attach to the cotton ball.

25
Q

What are method of removing ticks without alcohol?

A

Spray the tick with an insecticide e.g., Frontline.

Use a tick key remover.

26
Q

Why should you not remove ticks via the use of a lit match?

A

You may hurt the host.

You may cause the tick to explode which can aerosolize pathogens.

Ticks may regurgitate pathogens onto the skin.

27
Q

What changes usually affects ticks that are bound to a host?

A

Changes in climate.

Changes in habitat.

Changes in life style.

28
Q

What is the prominent feature on ixodes ticks?

A

The anal groove.

29
Q

Can the anal groove on a tick be festooned or ornate?

A

No.

30
Q

What is the anal groove on a tick?

A

An area of the abdomen that curves around the anus anteriorly and usually unites in a point or arch.

31
Q

What major disease are ixodes ticks a vector for?

A

Lyme disease.

32
Q

What kind of anumals often serve as reservoirs for Lyme disease?

A

Birds.

33
Q

What may account for the regional variations of the Lyme disease?

A

The different types of bacteria in the tick gut.

34
Q

What are the 7 classical signs of Lyme disease?

A

Fatigue.

Chills.

Fever.

Headache.

Muscle.

Joint aches.

Swollen lymph nodes.

35
Q

What is the classic sign of erythma migraines in people who have been infected with Lyme disease?

A

A bulls eye like rash.

36
Q

What disease can Lyme disease often be confsed with?

A

Meningitis.

37
Q

How can Lyme disease affect the heart?

A

It can affect all layers of the heart, but tends to spare the large blood vessels and the heart valves.

38
Q

What are 5 common methods of treating Lyme disease?

A

Recombinant DNA technology, e.g. LymeVax.

Type 1 recombinant vaccines.

Elimination of Borrelia within the mid-gut of ticks.

Antibiotics.

Environmental management.

39
Q

What kind of areas should the Lyme disease vaccine be used in?

A

In areas where Lyme disease is highly endemic.

40
Q

How is the Lyme disease vaccine administered?

A

Two doses are administered at 9-12 weeks old at 3 week intervals.

41
Q

When are booster vaccines given to animals in order to prevent Lyme disease?

A

2 booster vaccines are recommended at 6 month intervals after the initial vaccination.

This is followed by and annual vaccinations thereafter.

42
Q

Why is the Lyme disease vaccine only recommended in areas where Lyme disease is endemic?

A

It is a high risk vaccine and can cause symptoms of LD.

There is also a high chance of a lifetime of non-treatable arthritis.

43
Q

Are dermacentor ticks ornate or festooned?

A

They are ornate (dark brown w/ white).

They contain festoons.

44
Q

What is the shape of the capitulum in dermacentor ticks?

A

Rectangular.

45
Q

What species of ticks are the primary vectors for Rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Dermacentor ticks.

46
Q

What are the key signs of Rocky mountain spotted fever in dogs?

A

Joint stiffness and seizures.

47
Q

What animals are usually reservoirs for Rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Wild rodents and canines.

48
Q

What cells are infected by the pathogens that cause Rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

The epithelial cells of small blood vessels.

49
Q

What are the 4 symptoms of Rocky mountain spotted fever in humans?

A

Acute onset of fever.

Headache.

Myalgia.

Malaise.

50
Q

Why is equine piroplasmosis difficult to diagnose?

A

As it has variable and nonspecific clinical signs.

51
Q

What are the clinical signs of equine piroplasmosis in foals that have been infected in utero?

A

They are usually weak at birth, and rapidly develop anemia and severe jaudice.

52
Q

Will horses that have been infected with T.equi ever lose the infection?

A

No.

53
Q

What are the 4 options that American horse owners are given if their horse has equine piroplasmosis?

A

Permanent quarantine.

Euthanasia.

Export from the country.

Long-term quarantine with enrollment in a USDA treatment research program.

54
Q

What is a fatal tick-borne disease that affects domestic cats?

A

Cytauxzoon felis
, (bobcat fever).

55
Q

What disease are boophilus ticks a common vector for?

A

Bovine babesiosis.

56
Q

What disease are amblyomma ticks a common vector for?

A

Heartwater disease

57
Q

What should a vet do if they discover rare ticks on an animal?

A

They should report the case to a state of federal veterinarian.

Intro to Vet Med. (15 decks)

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