Canine Parvovirus. Flashcards
What kind are the names of the microorganisms that cause canine parvovirus?
Canine parvovirus-1 CPV-1.
Canine parvovirus-2 CPV-2.
What are the characteristics of the canine parvovirus?
Small.
Nonenveloped.
DNA-containing virus.
What kind of cell do the CPV viruses require for replication?
Rapidly dividing cells for replication
Are the CPV viruses able to withstand environmental insults?
They are very tough and can resist adverse environmental influences
Which of the 2 CPV viruses can exist on inanimate objects for around 5 months?
CPV-2.
What detergents are able to remove CPV viruses from inanimate objects?
Sodium hypochlorite is the most effective, but detergents and disinfectants cannot inactivate CPVs.
How common is CPV in dogs?
Is one of the most common infectious diseases in dogs and it is often fatal.
Is the CPV virus contagious?
Yes.
What kind of dogs are susceptible to CPV-2 viruses?
It is thought that most, if not all, canines are susceptible
What kind of dogs are most likely to be severely affected by the CPV virus?
Young, rapidly growing puppies that harbour intestinal parasites.
Male dogs are more likely to be affected than female dogs.
What is usually repsonsible for the spread of the CPV-2 virus?
An exposure to contaminated faeces.
What is the incubation period of CPV-2?
7 to 14 days.
When do the symptoms of the CPV virus become visible?
Within 5–7 days of infection but can range from 2–14 days.
What are the first clinical signs of the CPV virus?
They are usually nonspecific, e.g. lethargy, anorexia, fever.
These nonspecific symptoms progress to vomiting and hemorrhagic small-bowel diarrhea within 24–48 hr.
What are common findings from a physical examination of a dog with CPV?
Depression.
Fever.
Dehydration.
Intestinal loops are dilated and fluid filled.
What clinical signs are observed in dogs that have been severely affected by CPV?
They may have collapsed.
They have poor capillary refill time.
Poor pulse.
High heart rate.
Hypothermia.
Signs that are consistent with septic shock.
What is considered indicative of a CPV-2 infection in dogs?
Sudden onset of foul-smelling, bloody diarrhoea in a young.
CPV should be suspected in what kind of dogs if they display clinical signs of CPV?
Dogs that are young, unvaccinated or are incompletely vaccinated.
What will most dogs that suffer from CPV develop over the course of the illness?
A moderate to severe leukopenia that is characterised by lymphopenia and neutropenia.
What can be used to detect CPV viruses in faeces?
Commercial ELISAs.
What procedure should be done to any dog that is suspected of having CPV?
They should be isolated.
What are the most important things to consider during treatment of CPV?
The restoration of fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic abnormalities.
What is it important to prevent during the treatment of CPV?
A secondary bacterial infection
Why are antibiotics used to treat CPV?
To reduce the risk of bacterial translocation across the disrupted intestinal epithelium.
What therapy is used in the treatment of CPV if vomitting carries on for a long period of time?
Antiemetic therapy.
Why are antidiarrheals not recommended for the treatment of CPV?
Because they lead to the retention of intestinal contents which increases the risk of bacterial translocation.
What treatment is used for dogs that have CPV but have stopped vomitting?
Allowing them access to water and to easily digestible food.
How can the environmental contamination of CPV be limited?
Patients must be placed in strict isolation.
All surfaces should be cleaned of organic matter and then disinfected.
When should dogs be vaccinated with CPV vaccines?
At 6–8, 10–12, and 14–16 weeks.
Followed by a booster 1 year later and then every 3 years.
What kind of vaccines are used to vaccinate against CPV?
Inactivated vaccines.
What kind of dogs should be allowed to mix with dogs that have CPV?
Only fully vaccinated puppies.
