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Clinical I > Tick Born Diseases > Flashcards

Tick Born Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

When was lyme disease first diagnosed?

A

1975 by Dr. Willy Burgdorfer

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2
Q

What is the etiological agent of lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burdorferi

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3
Q

What is the most common vector born disease in the US?

A

Lyme disease

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4
Q

Is lyme disease reportable?

A

In humans but not in animals

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5
Q

What is lyme disease known as on the west coast?

A

Ixodus pacificus

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6
Q

What else is lyme disease known as?

A

Ixodus scapularis

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7
Q

How is lyme disease primarily transmitted?

A

Nymphal ticks between May-July

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8
Q

When does transmission of lyme disease occur?

A

Greater than 24 hours after the tick has been attached

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9
Q

What is the first life stage a tick is able to transmit lyme disease?

A

The nymphal stage, but adult ticks can spread disease too

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10
Q

Can cats get lyme disease?

A

Sometimes, they are believed to be highly resistant and rarely show signs of the disease

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11
Q

How big will a tick get when it is engorged?

A

Up to 20x its original size

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12
Q

Which gender is more likely to transmit lyme disease?

A

Females more so than males, but both can transmit the disease

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13
Q

What is the scientific name for the black leg tick?

A

Ixodus pacificus

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14
Q

What is the scientific name for the deer tick?

A

Ixodus scapularis

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15
Q

What is the most common clinical sign for dogs with lyme disease?

A

Arthritis

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16
Q

What are some other typical clinical signs?

A

Acute lameness, pain and sometimes swelling in one or more joints

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17
Q

What are some of the less common clinical signs of lyme disease?

A

Fever, anorexia, dehydration, inactivity/lethargy, lymphadenopathy, and in severe cases, renal failure and death

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18
Q

How is lyme disease typically diagnosed?

A

Based on if pet has history of being in an endemic area, a lyme titer test, lyme western blot test, lyme c6 antibody test (4dx), lyme quantitative c6 antibody test

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19
Q

How does the lyme 4dx test work?

A

Antibodies to currently available lyme vaccines do not cross react with the snap lyme test, so you can identify infected dogs in a vaccinated population; this is a qualitative test

20
Q

What is the recommended treatment of lyme disease?

A

Antimicrobials in penicillin and tetracycline groups are affective; most common med used is Doxycycline; most cases respond rapidly to therapy

21
Q

What is the best prevention of lyme disease?

A

Avoidance, preventatives, detection and removal, and vaccinate

22
Q

What is canine ehrlichiosis commonly called?

A

Tracker dog disease

23
Q

What other animals are effected by Ehrlichiosis ?

A

Cattle, sheep, goats, horses and humans

24
Q

What are ehrlichia?

A

Small, gram negative cocci that stain dark blue to purple with Romakowsky stain

25
Q

What is the scientific name of ehrlichia?

A

Ehrlichia canis

26
Q

How is ehrlichia transmitted?

A

By the brown dog tick aka Rhipicephalus sanguineus

27
Q

What stages of the brown dog tick can transmit ehrlichia?

A

Because stages feed multiple times before molting, ALL stages can potentially transmit disease

28
Q

How long after becoming infected can the brown dog tick transmit ehrlichia?

A

Up to 155 days after becoming infected, and the ticks can survive for up to 568 days if the are unfed

29
Q

What happens in the acute stage of Ehrlichiosis?

A

The organisms multiply and spread throughout the body

30
Q

What are the clinical signs seen during the acute stage of Ehrlichiosis?

A

Fever, anorexia, lymphadenopathy, hemorrhage, convulsions, ocular/nasal discharge (which can be bloody)

31
Q

How long typically does the Acute stage of Ehrlichiosis last?

A

May last up for 4 weeks, which is considered the lag period

32
Q

What occurs during the Subclinical stage of Ehrlichiosis?

A

Antibody levels rise and the body starts to fight the disease, blood work may be abnormal and spontaneous recovery may occur

33
Q

What occurs during the Chronic stage of Ehrlichiosis?

A

Decreased bone marrow production, as well as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

34
Q

How is Ehrlichiosis diagnosed?

A

Platelet count may be low, then clinical diagnosis is confirmed by demonstrating the organisms within WBC or a ELISA test

35
Q

How long may an antibody response be delayed with Ehrlichiosis?

A

Up to 28 days

36
Q

What was Anaplasmosis formally called?

A

Ehrlichia equii

37
Q

What is the scientific name for Anaplasmosis?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

38
Q

What is Anaplasma?

A

A gram-negative nonmotile coccoid to ellipsoid bacteria

39
Q

What animals are affected by Anaplasmosis?

A

Dogs, cats, ruminants, horses and humans

40
Q

What tick will transmit Anaplasmosis?

A

The deer tick, aka Ixodus scapularis

41
Q

What kind of parasite is Anaplasma considered?

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

42
Q

What are the clinical signs of Anaplasmosis?

A

High fever, lethargy, depression, polyarthritis, and neurological signs including ataxia, seizures and neck pain; they can also get cyclic thrombocytopenia at 7-14 day intervals

43
Q

What is a IFA test?

A

Immunofluorescence Antibody Assay is a traditional laboratory technique that utilizes fluorescent dyes to identify the presence of antibodies bound to specific antigens

44
Q

How is Anaplasmosis diagnosed?

A

By either an ELISA or IFA test, a PCR or a polymeric chain reaction, a blood smear can also be used, but the sensitivity of this technique is very low

45
Q

Why should tertracycline NOT be used for Anaplasmosis in young animals?

A

Because it affects their teeth enamel

Clinical I (12 decks)

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