Patient History & Physical Exam Flashcards
What are the different types of eye discharge?
Serous, mucoid, mucopurulent, purulent, sanguineous/hemorrhagic and serosanguineous
What is hyphemia?
Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye
What is mucopurlent eye discharge?
Yellow/greenish discharge
What is purulent eye discharge?
Discharge with pus in it
What is sanguineous/hemorrhagic eye discharge?
Bloody discharge
What is serosanguineous eye discharge?
Runny, blood tinged discharge
What is the recommended daily water intake for dogs?
1 oz/lb/day
What is the normal daily urine production for dogs?
1 ml/kg/hr
What is pollakiuria?
Increased urine frequency
What is polyuria?
Increased urine volume
What is oliguria?
Decrease in urine production
What is anuria?
No urine production
What is dysuria?
Painful urination
What is stranguria?
Dripping urine
What would be considered inappropriate urination?
If the pet was awake or asleep during urination and if they were unconscious of the fact that they were urinating
What are you observing during a physical exam?
- Body condition
- Abnormalities in behavior
- Attitude and posture (BAR vs QAR)
- Ambulation
- Respiratory pattern
What is the normal range for the body temperature of a cat and dog?
100.0 F - 102.4 F or 37.8 C - 39.2 C
What is the normal body temperature range for a horse?
99.0 F - 100.5 F or 37.2 C - 38.0 C
What is the normal body temperature range for cattle?
100.0 F - 102.5 F or 37.8-39.2
What is the normal pulse range for dogs?
60-180 beats per minute, puppies can be up to 220 bpm
What is the normal pulse range for cats?
120-240 bpm
What is the normal pulse range for a horse?
30-45 bpm
What is the normal pulse range for cattle?
60-80 bpm
What is the normal respiratory range for dogs?
10-30 breaths per minute
What is the normal respiratory range for cats?
15-30 breaths per minute
What is the normal respiratory range for horses?
8-20 bpm
What is the normal respiratory range for cattle?
8-20 bpm
What is torticollis or “wry neck”?
Neck twist of an animal
What is microphthalmia?
Small globe size of the eye; usually congenital
What is phthisis bulb?
Small globe size of the eye; usually acquired through trauma
What is buphthalmos?
Abnormally large globe size of the eye; usually acquired through a disease such as glaucoma
What is enophthalmos?
Sunken in eye or eyes
What is exopthalmos?
Bulging eye or eyes
What is miotic in terms of the pupil of the eye?
A small constricted pupil
What is mydriactic in terms of the pupil of the eye?
Dilated pupil
What is strabismus in terms of the eye gaze?
The direction the eye is pointing; it can be dorsal or ventral, lateral or medial
What is entropian referring to for the orientation of the eyelid?
The eyelid is rolled in
What is ectropian referring to for the orientation of the eyelid?
The eyelid is rolled out
What is distichiasis of the eyelashes?
An abnormal number of eyelashes
What is trichiasis of the eyelashes?
The eyelashes are growing in an abnormal direction
What is ectopic cilia?
Eyelashes in an abnormal location
What is blepharospasm?
A spasm or squinting of the eyelids
What is epiphora?
Leaky or runny eyes
What is a cherry eye?
Protrusion of the nictitating membrane
What observing the cornea of the eye, what should you look for?
?Any cloudiness, pigmentation, vascularization or obvious defects
What should you look out for in terms of the anterior chamber of the eye?
If there is any aqueous flare, hypopyon (puss), or hyphema
What is hyphema?
Pooling or collection of blood inside the anterior chamber of the eye
What is hypopyon?
Inflammation in the anterior chamber of the eye; a leukocytic exudate, or puss, is seen in the anterior chamber, usually accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera
What should you observe when looking at the pupils?
Their size and symmetry, and their PLR (should be direct and consensual)
What should be noted about the iris of the eye?
Any pigmentary change, tumors or cysts present
What should you observed in the lens of the eyes?
If there is any lenticular or nuclear sclerosis, or cataracts
What should you check in terms of the vision of your patient?
Their menace response, which tests optic nerves 2 and 7; make sure to cover the other eye for an accurate response; try dropping an object in their peripheral field to observe patient’s reaction
What should you observe when checking a patient’s oral cavity?
Be sure to check their mucus membrane color, capillary refill time, gingiva, teeth, tongue, palette, and pharynx
What is the dental formula of the adult dog?
2 (I 3/3, C 1/1 PM 4/4, M 2/3) = 42
What is the dental formula of the puppy?
2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/3) = 28
What is the dental formula of the adult cat?
2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2, M 1/1) = 30
What is the dental formula of the kitten?
2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2) = 26
What is the dental eruption time for a canine’s deciduous teeth?
- Incisors - 3-4 weeks of age
- Canines - 3 weeks of age
- Premolars - 4-12 weeks of age
- NO MOLARS
What is the dental eruption time for a canine’s permanent teeth?
- Incisors - 3-5 months of age
- Canines - 4-6 months of age
- Premolars - 4-6 months of age
- Molars - 5-7 months of age
What is the dental eruption time for a feline’s deciduous teeth?
- Incisors - 2-3 weeks of age
- Canines - 3-4 weeks of age
- Premolars - 3-6 weeks of age
- NO MOLARS
What is the dental eruption time for a feline’s permanent teeth?
- Incisors - 3-4 months of age
- Canines - 4-5 months of age
- Premolars - 4-6 months of age
- Molars - 4-5 months of age
What cranial nerve controls the swallow reflex?
Cranial nerve XII
What are primary lesions of the skin?
Irritation caused by the disease the animal is suffering from itself
What is secondary lesions of the skin?
An animal’s reaction to a disease; how it manifests
What cranial nerves test for pupillary light response?
Cranial nerves II and III
What cranial nerves test for a menace response?
Cranial nerves II and VII
What cranial nerves test for palpebral response?
Cranial nerves V and VII
What are papules?
Small bumps on the skin
What are pustules?
Bumps with white heads on the skin
What are nodules?
Bumps larger that papules
What are wheals?
Similar to hives but flat
What are macules?
A birthmark that is generally a red blotch
What are vesicles?
Blisters
What are scales?
Dandruff
What are crusts?
Scabs
What are ulcers?
Erosion of the surface layer of the skin
What are exoriations?
An abrasion or scratch on the skin
What is hyperpigmentation?
A darkened area of the skin
What is hyperkeratosis?
Thickening of the skin (callus)
What is lichenification?
Both darkening and thickening of the skin
