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Clinical I > Patient History & Physical Exam > Flashcards

Patient History & Physical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of eye discharge?

A

Serous, mucoid, mucopurulent, purulent, sanguineous/hemorrhagic and serosanguineous

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2
Q

What is hyphemia?

A

Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye

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3
Q

What is mucopurlent eye discharge?

A

Yellow/greenish discharge

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4
Q

What is purulent eye discharge?

A

Discharge with pus in it

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5
Q

What is sanguineous/hemorrhagic eye discharge?

A

Bloody discharge

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6
Q

What is serosanguineous eye discharge?

A

Runny, blood tinged discharge

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7
Q

What is the recommended daily water intake for dogs?

A

1 oz/lb/day

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8
Q

What is the normal daily urine production for dogs?

A

1 ml/kg/hr

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9
Q

What is pollakiuria?

A

Increased urine frequency

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10
Q

What is polyuria?

A

Increased urine volume

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11
Q

What is oliguria?

A

Decrease in urine production

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12
Q

What is anuria?

A

No urine production

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13
Q

What is dysuria?

A

Painful urination

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14
Q

What is stranguria?

A

Dripping urine

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15
Q

What would be considered inappropriate urination?

A

If the pet was awake or asleep during urination and if they were unconscious of the fact that they were urinating

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16
Q

What are you observing during a physical exam?

A
  • Body condition
  • Abnormalities in behavior
  • Attitude and posture (BAR vs QAR)
  • Ambulation
  • Respiratory pattern
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17
Q

What is the normal range for the body temperature of a cat and dog?

A

100.0 F - 102.4 F or 37.8 C - 39.2 C

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18
Q

What is the normal body temperature range for a horse?

A

99.0 F - 100.5 F or 37.2 C - 38.0 C

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19
Q

What is the normal body temperature range for cattle?

A

100.0 F - 102.5 F or 37.8-39.2

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20
Q

What is the normal pulse range for dogs?

A

60-180 beats per minute, puppies can be up to 220 bpm

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21
Q

What is the normal pulse range for cats?

A

120-240 bpm

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22
Q

What is the normal pulse range for a horse?

A

30-45 bpm

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23
Q

What is the normal pulse range for cattle?

A

60-80 bpm

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24
Q

What is the normal respiratory range for dogs?

A

10-30 breaths per minute

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25
Q

What is the normal respiratory range for cats?

A

15-30 breaths per minute

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26
Q

What is the normal respiratory range for horses?

A

8-20 bpm

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27
Q

What is the normal respiratory range for cattle?

A

8-20 bpm

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28
Q

What is torticollis or “wry neck”?

A

Neck twist of an animal

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29
Q

What is microphthalmia?

A

Small globe size of the eye; usually congenital

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30
Q

What is phthisis bulb?

A

Small globe size of the eye; usually acquired through trauma

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31
Q

What is buphthalmos?

A

Abnormally large globe size of the eye; usually acquired through a disease such as glaucoma

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32
Q

What is enophthalmos?

A

Sunken in eye or eyes

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33
Q

What is exopthalmos?

A

Bulging eye or eyes

34
Q

What is miotic in terms of the pupil of the eye?

A

A small constricted pupil

35
Q

What is mydriactic in terms of the pupil of the eye?

A

Dilated pupil

36
Q

What is strabismus in terms of the eye gaze?

A

The direction the eye is pointing; it can be dorsal or ventral, lateral or medial

37
Q

What is entropian referring to for the orientation of the eyelid?

A

The eyelid is rolled in

38
Q

What is ectropian referring to for the orientation of the eyelid?

A

The eyelid is rolled out

39
Q

What is distichiasis of the eyelashes?

A

An abnormal number of eyelashes

40
Q

What is trichiasis of the eyelashes?

A

The eyelashes are growing in an abnormal direction

41
Q

What is ectopic cilia?

A

Eyelashes in an abnormal location

42
Q

What is blepharospasm?

A

A spasm or squinting of the eyelids

43
Q

What is epiphora?

A

Leaky or runny eyes

44
Q

What is a cherry eye?

A

Protrusion of the nictitating membrane

45
Q

What observing the cornea of the eye, what should you look for?

A

?Any cloudiness, pigmentation, vascularization or obvious defects

46
Q

What should you look out for in terms of the anterior chamber of the eye?

A

If there is any aqueous flare, hypopyon (puss), or hyphema

47
Q

What is hyphema?

A

Pooling or collection of blood inside the anterior chamber of the eye

48
Q

What is hypopyon?

A

Inflammation in the anterior chamber of the eye; a leukocytic exudate, or puss, is seen in the anterior chamber, usually accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera

49
Q

What should you observe when looking at the pupils?

A

Their size and symmetry, and their PLR (should be direct and consensual)

50
Q

What should be noted about the iris of the eye?

A

Any pigmentary change, tumors or cysts present

51
Q

What should you observed in the lens of the eyes?

A

If there is any lenticular or nuclear sclerosis, or cataracts

52
Q

What should you check in terms of the vision of your patient?

A

Their menace response, which tests optic nerves 2 and 7; make sure to cover the other eye for an accurate response; try dropping an object in their peripheral field to observe patient’s reaction

53
Q

What should you observe when checking a patient’s oral cavity?

A

Be sure to check their mucus membrane color, capillary refill time, gingiva, teeth, tongue, palette, and pharynx

54
Q

What is the dental formula of the adult dog?

A

2 (I 3/3, C 1/1 PM 4/4, M 2/3) = 42

55
Q

What is the dental formula of the puppy?

A

2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/3) = 28

56
Q

What is the dental formula of the adult cat?

A

2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2, M 1/1) = 30

57
Q

What is the dental formula of the kitten?

A

2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2) = 26

58
Q

What is the dental eruption time for a canine’s deciduous teeth?

A
  • Incisors - 3-4 weeks of age
  • Canines - 3 weeks of age
  • Premolars - 4-12 weeks of age
  • NO MOLARS
59
Q

What is the dental eruption time for a canine’s permanent teeth?

A
  • Incisors - 3-5 months of age
  • Canines - 4-6 months of age
  • Premolars - 4-6 months of age
  • Molars - 5-7 months of age
60
Q

What is the dental eruption time for a feline’s deciduous teeth?

A
  • Incisors - 2-3 weeks of age
  • Canines - 3-4 weeks of age
  • Premolars - 3-6 weeks of age
  • NO MOLARS
61
Q

What is the dental eruption time for a feline’s permanent teeth?

A
  • Incisors - 3-4 months of age
  • Canines - 4-5 months of age
  • Premolars - 4-6 months of age
  • Molars - 4-5 months of age
62
Q

What cranial nerve controls the swallow reflex?

A

Cranial nerve XII

63
Q

What are primary lesions of the skin?

A

Irritation caused by the disease the animal is suffering from itself

64
Q

What is secondary lesions of the skin?

A

An animal’s reaction to a disease; how it manifests

65
Q

What cranial nerves test for pupillary light response?

A

Cranial nerves II and III

66
Q

What cranial nerves test for a menace response?

A

Cranial nerves II and VII

67
Q

What cranial nerves test for palpebral response?

A

Cranial nerves V and VII

68
Q

What are papules?

A

Small bumps on the skin

69
Q

What are pustules?

A

Bumps with white heads on the skin

70
Q

What are nodules?

A

Bumps larger that papules

71
Q

What are wheals?

A

Similar to hives but flat

72
Q

What are macules?

A

A birthmark that is generally a red blotch

73
Q

What are vesicles?

74
Q

What are scales?

75
Q

What are crusts?

76
Q

What are ulcers?

A

Erosion of the surface layer of the skin

77
Q

What are exoriations?

A

An abrasion or scratch on the skin

78
Q

What is hyperpigmentation?

A

A darkened area of the skin

79
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

Thickening of the skin (callus)

80
Q

What is lichenification?

A

Both darkening and thickening of the skin

Clinical I (12 decks)

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