Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical I > Blood Collection, FeLV & Heartworm Disease > Flashcards

Blood Collection, FeLV & Heartworm Disease Flashcards

1
Q

how do anticoagulants work?

A

by binding calcium, which is clotting factor #4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is plasma?

A

contains fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does a tiger top tube prevent clotting?

A

the polymer gel prevents glucose from breaking down and lysing cells as they die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is serum?

A

does not contain fibrinogen, the clotting factor remains with the blood cells usually down in the bottom of the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what anti-coagulant is found in gray top tubes?

A

sodium fluoride and glycolytic inhibitor, it stops the breakdown of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what anti-coagulant is found in green top tubes?

A

herapin, best for cbc on birds, reptiles and fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what anti-coagulant is found in blue top tubes?

A

buffered sodium citrate, which will delay clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what anti-coagulant is found in yellow top tubes?

A

acid citrate dextrose, which is used for RH factors and blood groupings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which animals have nucleated RBC’s?

A

reptiles, birds, and fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why would it be best to use a red top tube to test therapeutic drug levels?

A

because the drugs in the patient’s system may adhere to the get in a tiger top tube and skew test results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the maximum collection amount for an animal’s blood draw?

A

25% of animal’s body weight or blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does a red/pink color of plasma/serum indicate?

A

hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does a yellow color of plasma/serum indicate?

A

icterus; excessive bilirubin in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does a white tint to plasma/serum indicate?

A

lipids in the blood, typical of schnauzers or animals who have eaten within the last 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

for an anemic patient, how should the peripheral blood smear be performed?

A

the angle should be increased between the slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

for hemoconcentrated blood samples, how should a peripheral blood smear be performed?

A

the angle between slides should be decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

felv is a retrovirus, meaning what?

A

viruses that replicate in a host cell through the process of reverse transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is horizontal transmission?

A

a virus transmitted through the same generation, usually through saliva to blood contact via a bite wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is vertical transmission?

A

virus passed on from mother to offspring

20
Q

what are the four possible outcomes of felv infection?

A

effective immune response, persistent viremia, latent infection, or immune carrier response

21
Q

what is an effective immune response?

A

the animal will clear the virus on their on, about 40% of cats infected with felv will achieve this

22
Q

what is a persistent viremia response to felv?

A

where the virus remains in their circulatory system and saliva for longer than 3 or 4 months; persistently infected cats continue to shed the virus and are infective to other cats; they usually will die from associated illnesses within roughly 3 years, if not sooner

23
Q

what is latent infection to felv?

A

the body fights off the infection enough to suppress it, but once the body is stressed and the immune system is compromised, the infection may return enough to kill the cat

24
Q

what is an immune carrier response to felv?

A

when the body defeats the virus but the virus remains and can still be transmitted to other felines

25
Q

what does the virus structure of felv contain?

A

the core (nucleus) and the capsule

26
Q

what does the virus core contain?

A

the genetic material of the virus, core protein p27 which is what make the virus replicate

27
Q

what does the virus’ capsule contain?

A

glycoprotein gp70, which is what is recognized as foreign by the body; and protein envelope p15e, which is the immunosuppressive agent of the virus

28
Q

what is immunohistochemical staining?

A

staining an immune compound to make it more visisble

29
Q

what can be used as an antigen detection?

A

immunohistochemical staining, solid-phase immuno assays, ELISA tests, qualitative test, or quantitative test

30
Q

what is a solid-phase immuno assay?

A

can be sandwich assay, indirect assay, or competitive assay

31
Q

what is a sandwich assay?

A

direct antigen test, or a snap test

32
Q

what is a indirect assay?

A

tests for antibodies, there for it indirectly finds antigens

33
Q

what is a competitive assay?

A

it tests for chemicals/drugs in the body

34
Q

what is an ELISA test?

A

enzyme linked immuno sorbant assay; same as a solid-phase immuno assay

35
Q

what is a qualitative test?

A

only says whether a test is positive or negative

36
Q

what is a quantitative test?

A

says how positive or negative a test is

37
Q

what is the scientific name for heartworm?

A

Dirofilaria immitis

38
Q

what are some clinical signs of heartworm in dogs?

A

starts at mild disease with cough, then at moderate it can include, cough, exercise intolerance, abnormal lung sounds; with severe disease it will include all of the above plus dyspnea, hepatomegaly, syncope, ascites, abnormal heart sounds, and death

39
Q

what are the acute clinical signs of heartworm in cats?

A

collapse, dyspnea, convulsions, diarrhea, vomiting, blindness, tachycardia, syncope, sudden death

40
Q

what are the chronic clinical signs of heartworm in cats?

A

coughing, vomiting, dyspnea, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, and chylothorax

41
Q

what is involved in testing for microfilaria?

A

direct blood smear, buffy coat examination, filter test, modified knott’s test, and distinguishing between heartworm and Acanthocheilonema reconditum

42
Q

what are Acanthocheilonema reconditum?

A

similar to microfilariae, usually few in the blood, non pathogenic, progressive motion, curved body, blunt hear, curved or hooked tail

43
Q

what is sensitivity and specificity?

A

how affective a test is in providing a true positive and a true negative

44
Q

where do adult male and female heartworms live?

A

normally in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle

45
Q

at what stage are heartworm larva considered infective?

A

L3, when they can be deposited on the skin of an animal and enter the body through the bite wound of the carrier mosquito

Clinical I (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions