Tic Syndrome & CBIT Flashcards
What are tic disorders?
Tic disorders are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by involuntary, sudden, repetitive movements or vocalizations.
What are the two main types of tic disorders?
Motor Tic Disorders and Vocal Tic Disorders.
What is Tourette Syndrome (TS)?
Tourette Syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by both motor and vocal tics lasting more than a year.
What are the criteria for diagnosing Tourette Syndrome?
1) Multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, 2) Onset before age 18, 3) Symptoms lasting more than 1 year, 4) Not attributable to substance use or another medical condition.
What is Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder?
A tic disorder where an individual has either motor or vocal tics (not both) that persist for more than a year.
What is Provisional Tic Disorder?
A tic disorder where motor and/or vocal tics last less than 1 year and do not meet the criteria for Tourette Syndrome.
How do motor tics differ from vocal tics?
Motor tics involve involuntary movements (e.g., blinking), while vocal tics involve involuntary sounds (e.g., throat clearing).
What are common examples of motor tics?
Eye blinking, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, head jerking.
What are common examples of vocal tics?
Throat clearing, sniffing, grunting, humming, shouting words.
What is the difference between simple and complex tics?
Simple tics are brief and involve only a few muscle groups (e.g., blinking), while complex tics involve coordinated movements or phrases (e.g., jumping, repeating words).
What factors can exacerbate tics?
Stress, anxiety, excitement, fatigue, certain medications, environmental factors.
What are common co-occurring conditions with tic disorders?
ADHD, OCD, Anxiety Disorders, Learning Disabilities.
How is tic severity assessed clinically?
Using standardized scales like the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS).
What is CBIT (Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics)?
CBIT is a structured behavioral therapy that teaches individuals how to manage tics using awareness, competing responses, and functional interventions.
What are the core components of CBIT?
1) Habit Reversal Training (HRT), 2) Functional Analysis, 3) Relaxation Training.
How does Habit Reversal Training (HRT) work in CBIT?
HRT helps individuals become aware of their tics and develop alternative, less noticeable movements to counteract them.
What is Awareness Training in CBIT?
Increasing self-awareness by identifying early sensations that precede tics.
What is Competing Response Training in CBIT?
Teaching an alternative, voluntary movement to replace the tic.
What is Functional Intervention in CBIT?
Identifying environmental triggers and modifying them to reduce tic frequency.
What are relaxation techniques used in CBIT?
Breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, mindfulness techniques.
How effective is CBIT compared to medication for tics?
CBIT is as effective as or more effective than medication for many individuals and avoids medication side effects.
Which medications are commonly used for tic disorders?
Antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole, risperidone), alpha agonists (e.g., clonidine, guanfacine).
What are the side effects of antipsychotic medications used for tics?
Sedation, weight gain, metabolic changes, cognitive dulling.
What is the role of psychoeducation in tic management?
Educating individuals and families about tic disorders to improve understanding and coping.
How does family involvement improve tic management?
Family support helps reduce stress, reinforce behavioral interventions, and create a tic-friendly environment.
What are environmental modifications that can reduce tics?
Reducing sensory triggers, minimizing stressors, providing structured routines.
What are strategies for managing tics in school settings?
Providing extra time on tasks, reducing social stress, offering quiet spaces, educating peers and teachers.
What is the prognosis for tic disorders?
Tics often improve with age, but some persist into adulthood, requiring lifelong coping strategies.
What is the difference between tic disorders and stereotypic movement disorder?
Tics are involuntary and often suppressible for short periods, while stereotypic movements are rhythmic and self-stimulatory.
What are the best coping strategies for individuals with tic disorders?
CBIT, mindfulness, stress management, structured routines, physical activity, support groups.
