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CS2480 > Tiberius and Caligula > Flashcards

Tiberius and Caligula Flashcards

1
Q

What monuments did Augustus build to cement his legacy?

A

The Mausoleum of Augustus

Res Gestae

Ara Pacis

Forum of Augustus.

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2
Q

Why was Augustus’ succession considered dynastic?

A

He was the first emperor to introduce dynastic succession, choosing successors from his family line.

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3
Q

Who was the first person Augustus chose as his successor?

A

Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor

MARCELLUS

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4
Q

Why wasn’t Agrippa Postumus an acceptable heir?

A

Poor character

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5
Q

Who was Augustus’ step grandson who was also considered a possible heir alongside Tiberius?

A

Germanicus

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6
Q

What did Augustus demand Tiberius to do with Germanicus?

A

Adopt him

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7
Q

What were Augustus’ thoughts on Tiberius as his heir?

A

Reluctant, as stated in his will

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8
Q

Where did Augustus die?

A

Town called Nola, near Bay of Naples

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9
Q

What were Augustus’ last public words?

A

“Since the play has been so good, clap
your hands and all of you dismiss us with applause”

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10
Q

What were Augustus’ last words in private to his wife Livia?

What did his words imply?

A

“Live mine full of our marriage Livia, and farewell”

  • May imply a concern with Augustus’s own image and legacy
  • May imply that Livia should remain chaste and not remarry in order to avoid
    civil war
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11
Q

Where was Tiberius born?

A

Palatine HIll

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12
Q

Who was Tiberius married to?

A

Agrippina (eldest of 3 Agrippina)

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13
Q

How did Tiberius appear?

A
  • Big/Tall guy
  • large amts of hair
  • left handed
  • big eyes
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14
Q

What was Tiberius’s education before the throne?

A
  • well educated
  • studied Philosophy in Rhodes
  • Preferred Astrology over Religion
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15
Q

How did Livia ensure Tiberius’ rise to power?

A

Made sure Tiberius was present when Augustus died

  • reported that she purposefully delayed announcing Augustus’ death until Tiberius
    arrived in order for him to take control of the household
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16
Q

Did Tiberius have many competitors?

A

Most of his competitors were eliminated, making it difficult for anyone else to take the seat

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17
Q

What was one of the first things Tiberius did for his succession?

A

Take oaths of loyalty from the imperial household,
councils, prefects, senate, and ultimately the people of Rome

To avoid arguments of succession taking palce

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18
Q

What were the two aspects of Tiberius Succession that are important?

A
  1. Apparent hesitancy with which Tiberius came into the position
    - waited for other ppl to insist that he take over
  2. The other thing is his ruthless acquisition of power by ordering the assassination of
    Agrippa Postumus (Augustus’ grandchild with bad character)
    - Agrippa Postumus was unarmed and unaware when killed
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19
Q

How did Augustus describe Tiberius’ nature?

“Alas for the wretched Roman people who will be at the mercy of such slow-grinding jaws.”
(Suet. 21)

A

Augustus was concerned that Tiberius had this suspicious and recluse character that he
was going to use to grind down the Roman people over a long period of time

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20
Q

What was Tiberius’ early reputation as an emperor?

A
  • seemed to have said all the right things
  • not very generous with people
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21
Q

What was Tiberius’ relationship with Germanicus?

A

Germanicus was Tiberius’ nephew and adopted son

  • tension btwn the two
  • Germanicus was very popular with the people in a way Tiberius never could be
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22
Q

What were the accusations on how Germanicus died?

A

Killed by poison or magic

Nias Piso Patre (The Father) was convited of his murder

23
Q

Who was Lucius Aelius Sejanus?

A

Tiberius’ Praetorian Prefect

24
Q

What did Tiberius refer to Sejanus as?

A

Partner in toil

entrusted all this authority and influence to Sejanus who clearly hated Germanicus

25
Q

What crimes were Sejanus accused of?

A

Eliminating potential heirs, manipulating Tiberius, and political conspiracy.

26
Q

Why did Tiberius retreat to Island of Capri?

A

-tensions with Livia and Sejanus

  • shame over physical appearance

he had a spindly and stooping loftiness, a summit denuded of hair, and an ulcerous face,
generally patched with cosmetic medications. (Tac. Ann. 5.57.2)

27
Q

Why is physical appearance extremely important for emperors?

A

seen as “great leaders of the state”

28
Q

What happened when Tiberius arrived at Fidenae?

A

An amphitheater collapsed killing 20k ppl

29
Q

What happened after Tiberius’ mother Livia died?

A

Left state in hands of Sejanus and neglected his duties

30
Q

What crimes was Tiberius accused of on Capri?

A
  • Abuse children
  • Took advantage of women
  • Torture ppl
31
Q

How was Tiberius’ home?

A

Far, isolated and quite lavish

  • place where he could not be watched or judged as opposed to Augustus
  • Had great opportunity to hide vices
32
Q

How was Augustus’ home?

A
  • public in rome, accessible
  • tried to rectify his vices as oppose to hide them
33
Q

How did Tiberius die?

A
  • Died Ignominiously at Villa of Lu Calus
  • Allegedly smothered by pillow or poisoned, both of which on the orders of Emperor Caligula
34
Q

What were Tiberius’ plan for succession?

A
  • His son Drusus and adopted son Germanicus
  • both died
  • Germanicus by murder through magic or poison
  • Drusus poisoned by wife Lavilla and perhaps Sejanus
  • Moved to grandsons, sons of Germanicus
  • Nero and Drusus:
    nero exiled and commited suicide, drusus imprisioned and starved to death
  • Last two contenders: Caligula (Germanicus’ son), Tiberius Gemella, Claudius (Germanicus)
35
Q

How did Claudius hide?

A

In plain sight by secluding himself as a scholar

pretended to be dumb and stay out of public to avoid imperial succession

after Caligula died, Claudius forced to be emperor anyways

36
Q

What was Tiberius’s behavior viewed by the public?

A

Not great, he had a rep for being cruel and strict

37
Q

What do these quotes from Tiberius mean?

“He committed many other cruel and savage acts beside these, ostensibly motivated by a concern for dignity and a wish to improve morals, but really because his nature was so inclined.”
(Suet 59)

“Let them hate me so long as they respect me.” (Suet 59)

A

Tiberius was clearly not concerned with his own public image, thus being
portrayed as terrible

38
Q

What does this quote mean?

The people were so delighted at his death that when they first heard the news some ran about
shouting ‘into the Tiber with Tiberius!” while others prayed to mother earth and the shades that
he should be given no place in the underworld except among the wicked, while others threatened
the corpse with the hook and the Gemonian steps (steps coming down from the capitoline hill
where convicted criminals after being strangled were thrown) . (Suet. Tib. 75)

A

Sejanus was actually thrown down the Gemonian steps after his execution

39
Q

Who was joint heir to the Roman Empire with Tiberius Gemellus?

A

Caligula

40
Q

Why did Caligula adopt Gemellus?

A

To steal power from him, not long after had him executed to ensure he was sole authority

41
Q

Why was Caligula’s reign extremely promising?

A

Popular
- One of Germanicus Sons, who was quite beloved by the Roman people

42
Q

Where did Caligula’s popularity come from?

A

He was raised from an army bc Germanicus (father) was a general

His name is Latin for “Little Boot’”

43
Q

Who is this quote about?

He was very tall and extremely pale, with an
unshapely body, but very thin neck and legs. His
eyes and temples were hollow, his forehead broad and grim, his hair thin and entirely gone on the top of his head, though his body was hairy. Because of this, to look upon him from a higher place as he
passed by, or for any reason whatever to mention a goat, was treated as a capital offence. While his face
was naturally forbidding and ugly, he purposely
made it even more savage, practicing all kinds of terrible and fearsome expressions before a mirror.

A

Caligula

44
Q

Who is this quote about?

He was sound neither of body nor mind. As a boy
he was troubled with the falling sickness (probably
epilepsy), and while in his youth he had some
endurance, yet at times because of sudden faintness
he was hardly able to walk, to stand up, to collect
his thoughts, or to hold up his head. He himself
realized his mental infirmity, and thought at times of going into retirement and clearing
his brain. It is thought that his wife Caesonia gave him a drug intended for a love potion,
which however had the effect of driving him mad. (Suet. 50)

A

Caligula

Demonstrated he was not fit to be emperor

45
Q

What reforms did Caligula initially introduce?

A
  • Recalling exiles
  • halving taxes
  • restoring senatorial authority.
  • gave gifts
  • personally sponsored feeds and games
46
Q

Which projects did Caligula continue?

A
  • Temple of Augustus
  • Roman Forum
  • renovated Theatre of Pompeii
47
Q

What did Caligula begin constructing?

A

Aqua Claudia

48
Q

How did Caligula’s behavior change during his reign?

A
  • sexual violence (incest w sisters)
  • replaced heads of gods on statues with his own head
  • insisted he be worshipped like a god
  • wore a crown, dressed like god, even sometimes a woman
  • financial exploitation
  • created new taxes
  • neglectful of army (no miliary success of his own)
  • threatened to attack Britain to take over, got scared and ordered his men to collect sea shells from the beach
49
Q

How was Caligula’s misbehavior embodied by analyzing his home?

“He (Caligula) extended a part of the palace right into the forum, taking over the temple of Castor
and Pollux as his own vestibule… Finally, however, he was won over by [Capitoline Jupiter], he
claimed, and persuaded to share his (Jupiter’s) home. He had a bridge built right over the temple of
the Deified Augustus, joining the Palatine to the Capital. Soon, in order that he might be still closer,
he had foundations laid for a new house in the Capitoline temple precinct.” (Suet. 22)

A

Build bridge connect the palace, going over the Temple of Divine Augustus to the Capitoline Hill

  • The Capitoline was the seat of religion in Rome, his desire to build a palace on it demonstrates his desire to act and to be treated like a god
50
Q

What was the location where Caligula built two ships?

A

Lake Nemi

51
Q

Why did Caligula build two ships?

A

to cruise around his lake

52
Q

What happened to Caligula’s ships?

A

Sank bc of natural disaster (earthquake or storm)

53
Q

What were the two stories about Caligula’s death?

A
  1. Throat slit by Chaerea, a Praetorian guard, who served with Caligula’s
    father and hated him
  2. Imperial guard jumped him

both Cornelius Sabinus was invovled

Unsure which is true, Caligula definitely killed by some conspiracy in the imperial household

54
Q

After the death of Caligula who was succeeded him?

A

No clear heir to imperial throne.

CS2480 (12 decks)

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