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CS2480 > Augustus > Flashcards

Augustus Flashcards

1
Q

When was Rome founded according to legend?

A

By King Romulus (speculative)

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2
Q

What event marked the foundation of the Roman Republic?

A

Expulsion of King Tarquinius Superbus

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3
Q

What was the highest office in the Roman Republic?

A

The consul, 2 shared power annually

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4
Q

Who was Augutus before he adopted this name?

A

Gaius Octavius, later renamed Augustus

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5
Q

What is the Res Gestae?

A

Augustus’ autobiography, inscribed on bronze pillars outside Augustus’ mausoleum, detailing his achievements

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6
Q

Which biography is considered the next most reliable source on Augustus after the Res Gestae?

A

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus

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7
Q

Who adopted Augustus posthumously?

A

His maternal great-uncle, Julius Caesar

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8
Q

What was the ‘ius trium liberorum’ granted to Suetonius?

A

entailed certain privileges and was customarily granted to fathers of three children in Rome (right of 3 children)

  • didn’t have any children tho
  • granted to him as honorary privilege b y Emperor Hadrian
  • basically giving him tax exemptions
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9
Q

Why was Suetonius dismissed?

A

problems with authority

had an affair with emperor Hadrian’s wife

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10
Q

What was the “Cursus Honorum”?

A

The Ladder of Honours

  • sequential order of public offices
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11
Q

What was did this passage mean?

Cassius Dio, Roman History 53.19.6
○ Hence in my own narrative of later events, so far as they need to be mentioned,
everything that I shall say will be in accordance with the reports that have been
given out, whether it be really truth or otherwise. In addition to these reports,
however, my own opinion will be given, as far as possible, whenever I have been
able, from the abundant evidence which I have gathered from my reading, from
hearsay, and from what I have seen, to form a judgment that differs from the
common report.

A

Cassius Dio explains he has done the best he can to write the truth?

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12
Q

Where was Augustus born?

A

Tapapabula
- center of rome
- palantine

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13
Q

Where did Augustus die?

A

Outside the city

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14
Q

Augustus’s father was “novus homo”, what does that mean?

A
  • first person in the family to enter senate
  • successful to governor
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15
Q

How is Augustus related to Julius Ceasar?

A

Augustus is Julius Caesar’s great-nephew by blood.

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16
Q

What did Augustus do with Caesar before and when he died?

A

Followed caesar to military campaigns, won decorations

  • fought against pompey’s son
  • was given military command when Caesar died
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17
Q

Caesar won what against Pompey?

A

Civil war

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18
Q

Why was Julius Caesar assassinated?

A
  • Idea of monarchy
  • proclaimed dictator
  • Rome had been anti monarchy since the fall of the kings
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19
Q

What happened during the Battle of Ludna?

A

Augustus fights alongside two consuls Panza and Hurtius to defend Decimus Brutus (one of Julius assassins)
- doesn’t make sense if he wants to avenge Julius

  • Fights against Mark Anthony (friend of Julius)

tldr; defended assassins of Julius, didn’t make sense

  • Octavian wanted to be council, but Anthony was getting in his way

After the battle, Octavian seemed to support Anthony

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20
Q

What was the significance of the Second Triumvirate?

A

Gave Augustus, Mark Antony, and Lepidus powers to legislate and govern without Senate approval

  • not a monarchy, but essentially had control over everything

not successful partnership

21
Q

What happened during the Battle of Philipi?

A
  • It was years after Triumviri was formed
  • Octavian and Mark Anthony defeated assassins of Julius
22
Q

What was the Battle of Perusia?

A

It was a conflict between Mark Anthony and Octavian

  • Declared Anthony as an enemy, when reading his will of naming Cleopatra as heir
23
Q

What happened in the Battle of Actium?

A

Battle between Octavian and Mark Anthony

  • Octavian was successful:
    he killed Anthony’s eldest son, but let younger son and daughter live
  • killed Julius’s son
24
Q

What followed the Battle of Actium?

A

After Antony and Cleopatra’s defeat, they committed suicide

  • Octavian then became sole ruler and empire actually began
25
Q

What was the First Augustan Settlement?

A

Augustus claimed to return the Republic to the Senate and people

  • settled veterans of battle in colonies
  • divided land for soldiers who fought either side in war
  • did from his own wealth
  • agreed to remain as consul (elected consul every year)
26
Q

What does the name Augustus mean and when was he given the name Augustus?

A

It means “honoured” or “revered”

given during the First Augustan Settlement

27
Q

What did Augustus’ title Princeps mean?

A
  • first man of roman empire
  • referred to himself like that
28
Q

What happened during the Second Augustan Settlement?

A
  • Augustus tries to evenly split all power but still have it all centralized with him
  • he resigned consulship (not be consul every year, gave up some power)
  • Gained Maius Imperium (Greater imperium (control)) : control over life and death over others
  • Granted Tribunicia Potestas: allowed him to veto over all legislation, authority to summon senate, couldn’t propose laws (legislation, but could stop them)
  • No longer held consulship every yeaer but continued to dress as consul all the time (Consular Insignia)
  • Became Pontifex Maximus: Head of Roman Priesthood, gave him religious power
29
Q

What military reforms did Augustus implement?

A

Reduced army to 28 legions

regularized pay

settled veterans

30
Q

What was Augustus’ policy on soldiers’ marriages?

A

forbade marriage for soldiers so that they would be more willing to follow him

31
Q

What privileges did Augustus give soilders?

A
  • Allowed them to control their own money
  • gave them the right to write wills + leave their money to anyone they wish
32
Q

What did Augustus do for the people?

A
  • forgave public debt
  • gifts of money
  • games
  • infrastructure
  • grain supply to romans (tried to optimize the system and help farmers)
  • refused to secure the line supply
33
Q

How did Augustus depict himself in public?

A
  • Moderate, avoid divine or monarchic titles while emphasizing his service to Rome
34
Q

Who were the two Julias to Augustus?

A

Julia the Elder:
Daughter exiled to island, then allowed in mainland but not in public for adultery
(augustus’ only biological child, and tiberius’ future wife)

Julia the Younger: granddaughter exiled for adultery

35
Q

Augustus was generous with other people but to his family was?

A

Hold high standards

36
Q

What was the Lex Julia de maritandis ordinibus?

A

Julian law concerning intermarriage between senators, equestrians and common ppl

  • required ppl to get married
  • promoted ppl to get married
  • promoted marriage btwn senators and other senators, equestrians and other equestrians
37
Q

What was the Lex Papia Poppaea?

A

Incentivized marriage and childbearing

  • heavier taxes on unmarried men and women without husbands
38
Q

What did Augustus emphasize in his Res Gestae?

A

Military victories, public works, and his contributions to Rome’s prosperity.

39
Q

Where was the house of Augustus located?

A

On the Palatine Hill

40
Q

How was the House of Augustus?

A

Not too lavish

Connection with temple of apollo
- associated himself with apollo

  • Huts on right : associated himself with antiquity of rome
41
Q

What was the Ara Pacis Augusti and its purpose?

A

The Altar of Peace, symbolizing the peace Augustus brought to Rome

42
Q

What was the Peace and Pax Augusta?

A
  • decor
    symbolized fertility and woman
43
Q

How did Augustus depict his enemies in the Res Gestae?

A

He erased their memory or downplayed their roles, e.g., calling Sextus Pompey a pirate

44
Q

What was the significance of the Temple of Janus during Augustus’ reign?

A

Its doors were closed to symbolize peace across the empire.

45
Q

Why did Augustus hold elaborate games and public events?

A

To maintain public favor and distract from political control.

46
Q

How did Augustus handle his architectural legacy?

A

He built lasting monuments like the Mausoleum of Augustus.

47
Q

What does “Maius Imperium” refer to?

A

Augustus’ supreme military authority.

48
Q

What did Augustus’ Will mean?
“Since harsh fortune has robbed me of my sons Gaius and Lucius, Tiberius
Caesar shall be heir to two-thirds of my estate.” (Suet. Tib. 23)

A

Named Tiberius heir, but as a backup plan bc Gaius and Lucius were preferred heirs.

CS2480 (12 decks)

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