Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus Flashcards
Why are there limited sources on Antonius Pius’ reign?
Main sources are Historia Augusta, no works by Dio
“Happy is the age that has no history”
- suggests his reign is assumed peaceful due to lack of events recorded
What was Antoninus Pius’ background before becoming emperor?
Family was from Nemausus (Nîmes) in Gaul.
He was well-connected, related to Marcus Aurelius’ family
Important positions like governor of Asia, close advisor to Emperor Hadrian
Why did Hadrian adopt Antoninus Pius?
According to one story, Hadrian admired Pius for holding up his aging father-in-law, seeing him as courteous and good-natured. He adopted him as his heir five months before his death.
How did Antoninus Pius strengthen ties with Marcus Aurelius?
He adopted Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, engaging his daughter Faustina to Marcus Aurelius, to build connections
What was Antoninus Pius’ approach to governance?
He gave significant authority to the Senate, avoided executions (even for serious crimes), and lived modestly, relying on his estates for income. He prioritized public welfare over personal luxury.
What was the Temple of Antoninus Pius and Faustina built?
Built by Antoninus to honor his wife Faustina
After Antoninus death, rededicated to Faustina and Antoninus, built in Rome Forum
What does the Column of Antoninus Pius commemorate?
Its base depicts Antoninus and Faustina ascending to the heavens, symbolizing their deification. It was constructed by Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
How did Antoninus die?
Reportedly died from cheese overdose
good emperor and individual
What was Antoninus’ last words?
To imperial guard “equanimity”
Where was Marcus Aurelius born?
On Caelian Hill in Rome
Who raised Marcus Aurelius after his father died?
He was adopted by his grandfather, a close associate of Hadrian.
Who adopted Marcus Aurelius? At whose request?
Adopted by Antonius Pius at request of Hadrian
How did Marcus Aurelius react to being adopted by Antoninus Pius?
Marcus was happy at home studying, did not want to be a member of imperial family
How did Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus share power?
Marcus voluntarily shared imperial authority with Lucius Verus, making them the first co-emperors in Roman history
What did Marcus Aurelius do during the Persian campaign?
While Lucius Verus lived luxuriously in the East, Marcus oversaw the war’s logistics and strategy from Rome
What challenges did Marcus Aurelius face during his reign?
Marcomanic War
Uprising in Egypt
Usurption attempted by Avidius Cassius
How did Marcus Aurelius respond to Avidius Cassius’ usurpation?
He chose to forgive Cassius rather than seek vengeance, emphasizing mercy and reconciliation
What were Marcus Aurelius’ contributions to civilian administration?
Diligently presided over court cases, often spending days or weeks ensuring justice
Managed imperial finances wisely, avoiding heavy taxes and even auctioning imperial treasures when necessary
What monuments were built during Marcus Aurelius’ reign?
Column of Marcus Aurelius
Arch at Tripoli and Ephesus
What is Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations, and what is its significance?
A collection of personal writings emphasizing self-reflection and mindfulness, written during his campaigns in the North. It was not intended for publication.
Where did Marcus Aurelius die?
Vindobona (Vienna)
How did Marcus Aurelius die?
Killed by a doctor for Commodus
What marked the end of Marcus Aurelius’ reign?
His death marked the end of the “Five Good Emperors”
Led to the rise of his son Commodus
What kind of emperor was Commodus?
Terrible
