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CS2480 > Nero > Flashcards

Nero Flashcards

1
Q

How did Messalina die?

A

She was executed for plotting against Claudius

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2
Q

Who did Claudius marry after Messalina?

A

His niece Agrippina the Younger

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3
Q

How was Agrippina the younger depicted?

A

Evil
Manipulative
Power hungry

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4
Q

Who did Claudius adopt?

A

Nero, Agrippina’s son, placed him in line of succession before Claudius’s own biological son

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5
Q

How did Claudius die?

A

Agrippina poisoned him

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6
Q

Who was Nero’s tutor?

A

Seneca the Younger

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7
Q

Who is Nero’s mother?

A

Agrippina the Younger

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8
Q

Who escorted Nero to camp of imperial guard (praetorian) right after Claudius died?

A

Burrus

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9
Q

Who is Burrus?

A

Head of Praetorian guard

acted as great advisor for Nero along seneca

Importance of military in legitimizing roman emperor

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10
Q

Who did Nero bribe to support his bid for emperor?

A

Bribed Praetorian guard

gave free grain to keep them loyal

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11
Q

Why did Agrippina poison Britannicus?

A

get rid of competition

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12
Q

Why did Agrippina kill Silanus?

A
  • Great grandson of Augustus

Executed bc saw him as a threat bc of his noble bloodline

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13
Q

What is a quinquennium?

A

Five years of just rule
(any 5 year period)

of Nero’s rule, it was the first 5 years of his reign

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14
Q

Who helped Nero maintain control during the early years of his reign?

A

Agrippina, then after Seneca and Burrus

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15
Q

According to Tacitus, who played a significant role in guiding Nero during his early rule?

A

Tacitus emphasized the roles of Seneca and Burrus

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16
Q

Why did the quinquennium end?

A

When Agrippina was killed

Nero arranged to have his mother killed

Decline of madness and end of a period of control over him

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17
Q

How did Nero kill his mother?

A

Had someone build a ship that was supposed to collapse and drown her in Bay of Naples

She survived and swam to the shore, got to villa, sent a message to emperor, who sent soldiers back to kill her

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18
Q

What did Agrippina ask the guards to do before she died?

A

Asked guards to hit her in the belly, where Nero came from

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19
Q

How was Nero criticized for his actions regarding his mother’s death?

A

Nero was criticized for the rest of his life for having his mother killed, recall his father’s words that nothing good could come of Nero

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20
Q

What did Agrippina say in response to the prophecy about Nero becoming emperor?

A

Agrippina responded to the oracle that said Nero would become king and kill her by saying, “Let him kill me so long as he rules.”

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21
Q

Why did Nero marry Poppaea?

A

Nero married Poppaea, despite his mother’s Agrippina’s disapproval

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22
Q

Why did Nero kill his mother?

A

bc Agrippina disapproved of Nero’s relationship with Poppaea

23
Q

Who replaced Burrus after he died?
What influence did he have on him?

A

Replaced by Tigellinus
- Praetorian guard head replacement

seems to have been a corrupting influence to nero

24
Q

How did Seneca respond to the change in Nero’s leadership after Burrus’ death?

A

Seneca requested to retire from imperial service in 62 CE, even offering to give up his property to Nero and live in peace elsewhere.

25
Q

What did Tacitus mean by describing Nero’s speech to Seneca as “to veil hatred with deceptive charm”?

A

Tacitus suggested that Nero’s speech, in which he pretended to be kind, revealed his inner rottenness, marking the transition from Nero’s good period (quinquennium) to his bad period (62-68 CE).

26
Q

How did Nero treat aristocracy during his bad phase (after Quinquennium)?

A
  • Treated aristocracy terrible
  • forced them into trials, seized property
  • humiliated them by making both men + women perform as actors and gladiators in the great games
27
Q

How did Nero’s behaviour extend to personal misconduct?

A

Nero ran around at night with friends, mugging and looting, and nearly killed someone after assaulting a senator’s wife.

28
Q

What accusations were made against Nero regarding his relationships?

A

Nero was accused of seducing free-born women and men

forcing himself upon the Vestal Virgin (a sacred woman)

attempting to marry a castrated boy named Sporus, whom he castrated.
- dressed the boy as a woman and showed him off in public as his wife

29
Q

What was the significance of the Pisonian Conspiracy in 65 CE?

A

The Pisonian Conspiracy was a plot against Nero, fueled by his unpopularity.
- basically people thought about replacing him

It led to the deaths of prominent figures like Seneca, Lucan, and the poet Patroclus.

30
Q

What was the Great Fire of Rome?

A

Started in Circus Maximus, destroyed large portions of Rome

lasted 6 days

31
Q

What was Nero’s initial reaction to the fire?

A

Was good, he opened imperial states for shelter and food for victims

32
Q

What does this quote mean?

“These were popular measures, but fruitless, since rumour spread that with the city a
flame Nero mounted his domestic stage and performed a ‘Sack of Troy’, likening present
ills to ancient calamities.” (Tac. Ann. 15. 39)

A

Suspicions grew that Nero started the fire for own purpose to build his imperial palace (golden house)

Nero did not care

Rumor that Nero was singing while Rome was on fire

33
Q

Who did Nero blame for starting the fire?

A

The Christians, which led to religious persecution

34
Q

What happened to Nero’s construction on his imperial palace?

A

Destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome

35
Q

What areas did Nero’s palace aim to connect?

A

Gardens of Maecenas on Esquiline Hill with “Domus Tiberiana” on the Palatine

Colosseum to roman forum

36
Q

What significant space did Nero’s palace cross?

A

Cross Velia, ridge btwn Esquiline and Palatine Hills

37
Q

How did Nero’s palace compare to Caligula’s palace?

A

Both aimed to connect and dominate public spaces, with Nero’s design crossing from the Colosseum to the Roman Forum, similar to Caligula’s plans to connect the Palatine and Capitoline Hills.

38
Q

What types of materials did Nero use for his palace?

A

Exotic and expensive materials

39
Q

What was Nero’s golden palace called before the fire?

A

Domus Transitoria

40
Q

What was Nero’s golden palace called after the fire?

A

Domus Aurea

41
Q

What was laid on top of the burned remains of the city for the Domus Aurea?

A

Four meters of fill were placed over the burned remains, symbolizing Nero’s erasure of the past to build his vision.

42
Q

How did Tacitus describe the Domus Aurea?

A

Tacitus noted it was less about gemstones and gold and more about fields, pools, forests, and vistas, resembling a wilderness estate in the city.

43
Q

On what kind of land was the Domus Aurea built?

A

It was built on formerly private land, displacing areas that could have been used for lower-class housing.

44
Q

What significant locations were later built on the site of the Domus Aurea?

A

The Colosseum and the Baths of Titus and Trajan.

45
Q

What area of Rome did the Domus Aurea occupy?

A

The valley between the Palatine, Esquiline, and Caelian Hills.

46
Q

When Nero’s palace (Domus Aurea) was complete, he said

“at last he began to live like a human”

What does it mean?

A

Completely lost all relationship with roman people and city and reality of human condition

47
Q

How did the Great Fire of Rome contribute to Nero’s downfall?

A

The fire bankrupted the state, leading Nero to:

Seize property from wealthy citizens (senators and equestrians).

Debase the empire’s gold and silver coinage by reducing valuable metal content by 10%.

Caused inflation, widespread dissatisfaction, worsened economic problems

48
Q

How was Nero perceived by different social groups?

A

The aristocracy despised Nero for his extravagance and actions.

The people remained entertained by his games and performances, maintaining his popularity among the masses

49
Q

What did Nero focus on after?

A

Music, competed in contests

50
Q

What happened when Nero left for Greece?

A

left to compete in theatrical competitions, Greece self-governance and exemption from taxation

made rome economy worse

51
Q

What led to Nero’s fall?

A

Caius Julius Vindex, governor of Gallia Lugdunensis (France), rebelled but was suppressed.

Galba, governor of Spain, declared himself emperor at Vindex’s request.

The Senate and Praetorian Guard declared Nero a public enemy.

52
Q

How did Nero die?

A

Fled the city and committed suicide

53
Q

What does the quote “What an artist dies with me” reveal about Nero?

A

It shows Nero’s detachment from reality, prioritizing his artistic image over the damage he caused to the empire.

54
Q

How was Nero’s physical appearance descirbed?

“He was of a good height but his body was blotchy and ill-smelling. His hair was fairish,
his face handsome rather than attractive, his eyes bluish-grey and dull, his neck thick,
his stomach protruding, his legs very thin, his general health good—for despite his
luxurious and most excessive way of life, he was only ill three times in fourteen years,
and even then not so as to have to abstain from drinking or his other habits. He was so
very shameless in his concern for dress and the care of his person that he would always
have his curls arranged in a pile on his head and, on his trip to Greece, even had them
flowing down behind.”

A

Tall but with a blotchy, ill-smelling body.

Fairish hair, bluish-grey dull eyes, thick neck, protruding stomach, thin legs.

Despite his excesses, his health was good, falling ill only three times in 14 years.

CS2480 (12 decks)

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