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ABD/SMALL PARTS I > Thyroid & Parathyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid & Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation

A

thyroid adenoma

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2
Q

Thyroiditis causes swelling and tenderness of the thyroid caused by infection or can be related to what abnormalities

A

auto immune

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3
Q

What are two types of Thyroiditis?

A

DeQuervains & Hashimotos

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4
Q

What is the most common thyroid malignancy

A

Papillary Carcinoma

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5
Q

Most common form of goiterous hypothyroidism in geographical regions with adequate iodine. Hypo or Hyper?

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis & Hypo

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6
Q

The thyroid is part of what system

A

Endocrine

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7
Q

Congenital anomaly that presents as a palpable mass in the midline of the neck anterior to the trachea

A

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

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8
Q

The most common cause of thyroid disorder worldwide is

A

Iodine deficiency

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9
Q

3 groups of salivary glands

A

Parotid, Submandibular & Sublingual

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10
Q

Which of the salivary glands are the largest

A

Parotid

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11
Q

What type of transducer would be used for a thyroid ultrasound

A

Linear, high frequency, at least 7.5 MHz

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12
Q

Most common thyroid abnormality

A

Goiter

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13
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there

A

4

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14
Q

The normal parathyroid glands typically measure less than

A

4 mm

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15
Q

Cystic formation in the neck typically located lateral to the thyroid gland (remnant of embryonic development)

A

Branchial Cleft Cysts

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16
Q

Most common cause of primary hyperthyroidism is? It can also be a result of what?

A

Parathyroid Adenoma, primary hyperplasia or carcinoma in the parathyroid gland

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17
Q

the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

A

isthmus

18
Q

autoimmune disorder of diffuse toxic goiter characterized by bulging eyes is? Is this disorder a form of Hyper or Hypothyroidism?

A

Graves Disease

Hyper

19
Q

List the symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism

A 
weight loss
increased appetite
tremors
excessive sweating
heat intolerance
high degree of nervous energy
palpitations
exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
20
Q

What are the 3 main causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

renal failure, Vit D deficiency, malabsorption syndrome

21
Q

How many parathyroid glands are typically affected with secondary hyperthyroidism

A

all 4

22
Q

hormones produced by the thyroid commonly referred to as T3 and T4

A

Triiodothyronine & Thyroxine

23
Q

What are the approximate dimensions of the thyroid gland?

A

Length: 4-6 cm
Width: 1.5-2 cm (A/P)
Diameter: 2-3 cm (A/P)

24
Q

What is the name of the muscle which lies posterior and lateral to the thyroid gland

A

Longus Colli Muscle

25
Q

How is the patient positioned for an ultrasound exam of the thyroid

A

supine w/ neck slightly hyperextended (pillow under shoulders)

26
Q

A lobe that is an anatomical variant of the thyroid is a? In which a portion of the thyroid extends superiorly from the?

A

Pyramidial

Isthmus

27
Q

List 4 structures that are located posterior and medial to the thyroid gland

A

trachea, esophagus, vertebral body (spine) and parathyroid glands

28
Q

Which of the structures above may be visualized left of midline sonographically

A

Esophagus

29
Q

Collectively the group of 3 thin muscles located anterior and lateral to the thyroid are referred to as

A

strap muscles

30
Q

What refers to enlargement of the lymph nodes

A

Adenopathy or Lymphadenopathy

31
Q

List the 3 things that should always be documented if any abnormality is found while doing a thyroid ultrasound exam

A

Size, location, echogenicity

32
Q

A cystic neck mass caused by a congenital malformation of the cervical thoracic lymphatic system

A

cystic hygroma

33
Q

thyroid hormone that is important for maintaining a dense strong bone matrix by inhibiting calcium breakdown and regulating the body’s blood calcium level

A

calcitonin

34
Q

The common carotid artery and internal jugular vein are located where in relation to the thyroid

A

posterior & lateral

35
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by what gland

A

Pituitary

36
Q

What refers to a normal thyroid gland producing the correct amount of thyroid hormones

A

Eythyroid

37
Q

What muscle is a larger, oval shaped muscle which lies anterior and lateral to the thyroid gland

A

sternocleidomastoid

38
Q

List the abnormal labs associated with primary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypercalcemia
hypercalciuria
low serum levels of phosphate

39
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone-like substance which presence is thought to be associated with the cause of Grave’s Disease

A

long acting thyroid stimulating hormone (LATS)

40
Q

90% of papillary cancers seen on ultrasound appear how sonographically

A

hypoechoic and/or hypervascular

ABD/SMALL PARTS I (9 decks)

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