Thyroid & Parathyroid

Question 1

Benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation

Answer 1

thyroid adenoma

Question 2

Thyroiditis causes swelling and tenderness of the thyroid caused by infection or can be related to what abnormalities

Answer 2

auto immune

Question 3

What are two types of Thyroiditis?

Answer 3

DeQuervains & Hashimotos

Question 4

What is the most common thyroid malignancy

Answer 4

Papillary Carcinoma

Question 5

Most common form of goiterous hypothyroidism in geographical regions with adequate iodine. Hypo or Hyper?

Answer 5

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis & Hypo

Question 6

The thyroid is part of what system

Answer 6

Endocrine

Question 7

Congenital anomaly that presents as a palpable mass in the midline of the neck anterior to the trachea

Answer 7

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Question 8

The most common cause of thyroid disorder worldwide is

Answer 8

Iodine deficiency

Question 9

3 groups of salivary glands

Answer 9

Parotid, Submandibular & Sublingual

Question 10

Which of the salivary glands are the largest

Answer 10

Parotid

Question 11

What type of transducer would be used for a thyroid ultrasound

Answer 11

Linear, high frequency, at least 7.5 MHz

Question 12

Most common thyroid abnormality

Answer 12

Goiter

Question 13

How many parathyroid glands are there

Answer 13

4

Question 14

The normal parathyroid glands typically measure less than

Answer 14

4 mm

Question 15

Cystic formation in the neck typically located lateral to the thyroid gland (remnant of embryonic development)

Answer 15

Branchial Cleft Cysts

Question 16

Most common cause of primary hyperthyroidism is? It can also be a result of what?

Answer 16

Parathyroid Adenoma, primary hyperplasia or carcinoma in the parathyroid gland

Question 17

the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

Answer 17

isthmus

Question 18

autoimmune disorder of diffuse toxic goiter characterized by bulging eyes is? Is this disorder a form of Hyper or Hypothyroidism?

Answer 18

Graves Disease

Hyper

Question 19

List the symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism

Answer 19

weight loss
increased appetite
tremors
excessive sweating
heat intolerance
high degree of nervous energy
palpitations
exophthalmos (bulging eyes)

Question 20

What are the 3 main causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 20

renal failure, Vit D deficiency, malabsorption syndrome

Question 21

How many parathyroid glands are typically affected with secondary hyperthyroidism

Answer 21

all 4

Question 22

hormones produced by the thyroid commonly referred to as T3 and T4

Answer 22

Triiodothyronine & Thyroxine

Question 23

What are the approximate dimensions of the thyroid gland?

Answer 23

Length: 4-6 cm
Width: 1.5-2 cm (A/P)
Diameter: 2-3 cm (A/P)

Question 24

What is the name of the muscle which lies posterior and lateral to the thyroid gland

Answer 24

Longus Colli Muscle

Question 25

How is the patient positioned for an ultrasound exam of the thyroid

Answer 25

supine w/ neck slightly hyperextended (pillow under shoulders)

Question 26

A lobe that is an anatomical variant of the thyroid is a? In which a portion of the thyroid extends superiorly from the?

Answer 26

Pyramidial

Isthmus

Question 27

List 4 structures that are located posterior and medial to the thyroid gland

Answer 27

trachea, esophagus, vertebral body (spine) and parathyroid glands

Question 28

Which of the structures above may be visualized left of midline sonographically

Answer 28

Esophagus

Question 29

Collectively the group of 3 thin muscles located anterior and lateral to the thyroid are referred to as

Answer 29

strap muscles

Question 30

What refers to enlargement of the lymph nodes

Answer 30

Adenopathy or Lymphadenopathy

Question 31

List the 3 things that should always be documented if any abnormality is found while doing a thyroid ultrasound exam

Answer 31

Size, location, echogenicity

Question 32

A cystic neck mass caused by a congenital malformation of the cervical thoracic lymphatic system

Answer 32

cystic hygroma

Question 33

thyroid hormone that is important for maintaining a dense strong bone matrix by inhibiting calcium breakdown and regulating the body’s blood calcium level

Answer 33

calcitonin

Question 34

The common carotid artery and internal jugular vein are located where in relation to the thyroid

Answer 34

posterior & lateral

Question 35

Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by what gland

Answer 35

Pituitary

Question 36

What refers to a normal thyroid gland producing the correct amount of thyroid hormones

Answer 36

Eythyroid

Question 37

What muscle is a larger, oval shaped muscle which lies anterior and lateral to the thyroid gland

Answer 37

sternocleidomastoid

Question 38

List the abnormal labs associated with primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 38

hypercalcemia
hypercalciuria
low serum levels of phosphate

Question 39

Thyroid stimulating hormone-like substance which presence is thought to be associated with the cause of Grave’s Disease

Answer 39

long acting thyroid stimulating hormone (LATS)

Question 40

90% of papillary cancers seen on ultrasound appear how sonographically

Answer 40

hypoechoic and/or hypervascular