Prostate Quiz Flashcards

(66 cards)

1
Q

Prostate gland lies where in relation to the bladder

A

inferior

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2
Q

What runs through the center of the prostate

A

urethra

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3
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete

A

`milky fluid that contributes to the contents of semen

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4
Q

What chemicals does the prostate contain

A

chemicals that activate sperm

natural antibiotic to protect sperm

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5
Q

What are seminal vesicles

A

Storage sacs for sperm

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6
Q

Where are seminal vesicles located

A

Superior end of prostate gland

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7
Q

What happens upon ejaculation

A

Sperm leaves seminal vesicles and passes through prostate gland in the urethra

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8
Q

Another name for Cowper’s glands

A

Bulbourethral glands

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9
Q

What are the Cowpers glands

A

small glands along urethra inferior to prostate gland

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10
Q

What do cowpers glands do

A

secrete fluid that contributes to the seminal fluid volume

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11
Q

What is the Verumontanum

A

junction of the ejaculatory ducts with the urethra

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12
Q

Where is the verumontanum located

A

inferior ro the transitional zone

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13
Q

Measurements of the prostate

A

L: 4cm
W: 4cm
H: 3cm

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14
Q

What are the 4 prostate zones

A

Peripheral
Transitional
Central
Periurethral

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15
Q

Which zone is the largest

A

Peripheral

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16
Q

Where is peripheral located

A

lateral & posterior to urethra

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17
Q

Which zone do most cancers occur in

A

Peripheral zone

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18
Q

Where are the ejaculating ducts located

A

central zone

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19
Q

What zone does cancer rarely occur

A

Central

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20
Q

What zone is smallest in young men

A

Transitional

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21
Q

Area near urethra

A

Transitional zone

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22
Q

What zone is the area affected by Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

A

Transitional

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23
Q

Why does BPH cause problems with urination

A

Because hypertrophy occurs in the area of the prostate that is closest to the urethra

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24
Q

Tissue that lines the prostatic urethra

A

Periurethral Zone

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25
Hypoechoic area next to bladder
fibromuscular stroma
26
What does PSA stand for
prostate specific antigen
27
Normal PSA
less than 4.0
28
Intermediate PSA
4-10
29
Abnormal PSA
greater than 10
30
What happens to PSA as men age
it rises
31
An increase in PSA greater than what in a year is abnormal
20%
32
PSA density equals
PSA/prostate gland volume
33
What is PSA Density used for
calculation done to predict probability of prostate cancer
34
What is the upper limit of normal for PSA density
.15
35
Prostate gland volume is
L x W x H x .52 (cubic centimeters)
36
What transducer is used for prostate and where is it placed
Endocavity | rectum
37
Before sonography, what was done to assess the prostate gland
Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
38
How many samples are taken for prostate biopsy
Minimum of 6
39
What are the 6 samples taken for prostate biopsy
``` Right base Left Base Right mid Left mid Right apex Left apex ```
40
What is the method used for prostate biopsies
sextant method
41
Newer technique being utilized for biopsies
systematic 5 region prostate biopsy
42
What other samples are taken along with sextant
far lateral peripheral zone | midline
43
Hoe many cores are taken
13
44
What is the patient preparation for imaging
Clear liquids after 6pm | enema 1 hour before exam
45
What is patient prep for biopsy
NPO after 6pm laxative after dinner night before enema 1 hr before prophylactic antibiotic day before
46
Ultrasound patient position
Left lateral Decubitus LLD
47
Sonographic appearance of peripheral zone
hypoechoic
48
Sonographic appearance of central zone
usually echogenic to peripheral zone
49
Sonographic appearance of transitional zone
about same as peripheral
50
Sonographic appearance of seminal vesicles
anechoic/very hypoechoic
51
Sonographic appearance of Prostate urethra
echogenic through midline of gland
52
The gland should be what sonographically
symmetrical in shape & echogenicity from one side to the other
53
What is Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
enlargement/hypertrophy of the transitional zone
54
BPH may cause
urinary obstruction (common with age)
55
BPH sonographic appearance
large and round | central portion protrudes anteriorly sometimes appearing to compress peripheral zone
56
BPH symptoms
``` nocturia difficulty starting/stopping stream urinary urge urinary frequency can't empty bladder ```
57
What is TURP
procedure to relieve moderate to severe symptoms from enlarged prostate
58
Procedure for TURP
Excess prostate tissue blocking urine flow is removed
59
What is prostatitis
Inflammation/infection of gland
60
Common cause of recurring urinary tract infection
Chronic prostatitis
61
Most common malignancy in men
Adenocarcinoma of the prostate
62
Adenocarcinoma percentages
70% peripheral 20% transitional 10% central
63
Adenocarcinoma symptoms
``` frequent urination urinary urgency difficulty starting/stopping stream *elevated acid phosphatase *elevated for rising PSA ```
64
Most common characteristic appearance in adenocarcinoma
hypoechoic lesion in peripheral zone
65
What is removal of prostate gland
prostatectomy
66
Treatments for prostate cancer
chemotherapy cryotherapy microwave therapy radiation therapy