Abdomen Final Flashcards by Hope Spriggs

space between the right lobe of the liver and the anterior right kidney and colic flexure

Morrison’s Pouch AKA Rt. Posterior Subhepatic space AKA Rt. Posterior Subphrenic space

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material that covers an organ

Visceral Peritoneum

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set of guidelines that tell you what images are necessary to complete a specific
exam.

protocol

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What echogenicity should the vessels of the abdomen be on a sonogram

anechoic

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list the 3 structures of the portal triad

he Main Portal Vein, The Hepatic Artery and the

CBD

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smallest arterial branches

Arterioles

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The IVC crosses the diaphragm and empties into which chamber of the heart

right atrium

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When seen in the transverse plane, the Celiac axis forms a

seagull sign

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List the branches 3 of the Celiac Axis:

The Hepatic Artery, The Splenic Artery, The Left

Gastric Artery

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choledocolithiasis refers to stones where?

in the bile ducts

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What are the two most common lesions causing biliary obstruction?

Gallstones and

carcinoma of the head of the pancreas

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An obstruction in the distal portion of the CBD will result in dilation of both the

intra and

extra-hepatic ducts`

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If a patient tested positive for obstruction due to administration of a fatty meal the
gallbladder would appear

dilated (distended)

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The size of the CBD is expected to increase approximately _____per decade,
starting at the age of 60

1mm

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gallbladder is a round, distended, non-inflamed GB, due to

obstruction of the cystic duct.

Hydrops/Mucocele

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What 2 structure join and enter at the ampulla of Vater?

CBD & The main Pancreatic duct

Wirsung’s

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the sonographer may have the patient change their position during a GB ultrasound exam
in order to:

demonstrate mobility of gallstones

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what pathologic condition has the sonographic appearance of 2 cystic structures in the
RUQ?

Choledochal Cyst

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is an inherited cancer syndrome associated with many

tumors, including Islet cell tumors.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)

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Which of the cystic neoplasms of the pancreas is potentially malignant?

Mucinous cystic

neoplasms

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is the most common pancreatic cancer

Adenocarcinoma

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A possible sonographic appearance of a Serous Cystadenoma is a cluster of

grapes

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Which lab value is elevated with the presence of a Mucinous Cystic neoplasm?

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)

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The pancreas is located in the what space within the retroperitoneum

anterior pararenal

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The net effect of insulin is to

decrease levels of glucose in the bloodstream

the most common Islet cell tumor

Insulinoma

The Gastroduodenal Artery (GDA) lies at the what aspect of the pancreatic head

anterior/lateral

Which 2 lab values are elevated with acute pancreatitis

Amylase and Lipase

Name the Criteria for a simple cyst

Anechoic, Thin walled, (well defined borders), posterior | enhancement

What is the clinical significance of peritoneal recesses?

Frequent locations for fluid and | infection to accumulate

. List the main abdominal structures contained in the retroperitoneum

Aorta, pancreas, | kidneys/adrenal glands

What 3 major structures pass through the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity?

Aorta, | esophagus, IVC

an abnormal accumulation of fluid due to pathology within a potential space in the peritoneum

Ascites

All Aorta protocol images should be taken with and without measurements except for, at the level of the

renal arteries

Absence of the normal tapering of the distal aorta is called

aortic ectasia

middle layer of the vessel wall consisting of smooth muscle fibers with elastic and collagenous tissue

Tunica Media

Dilation of the IVC is an indication of

heart problems (especially the right side)

What is the 1st branch of the Aorta

The celiac axis

The hepatic veins originate in the liver and drain into the

IVC

most common predisposing factor for an abdominal aortic aneurysm

Arteriosclerosis

The normal direction of blood flow in the portal vein is

hepatopedal (toward the liver)

A vessel that supplies organs that need constant perfusion and has a lot of diastolic flow is

low resistance

The normal aortic diameter is less than

3 cm

. Which 2 vessels pass posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

The SMA and SMV

The vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is the

Superior Mesenteric artery

What vascular structure courses between the aorta and the SMA?

Left Renal Vein

An angle of the SMA greater than 15 degrees may indicate what pathological process

Lymphadenopathy

What is the most common location of an aortic aneurysm?

infrarenal

If there is an obstruction of the IVC the what system may dilate and “act” as the IVC

azygos

Which lab value is the most sensitive indicator of biliary obstruction

Alkaline Phosphatase

most common cause of malignant neoplasm obstructing | the biliary tree.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

most common cause of extra-hepatic obstructive jaundice

Choledocolithiasis

tumor that occurs at the bifurcation of the common hepatic duct into right and left (hepatic hilum). It results in intra-hepatic but not extra-hepatic duct dilation.

Klatskin (cholangiocarcinoma)

The mortality rate for Gallbladder Carcinoma is approximately

100%

An elevation of what lab value suggests obstruction at the ampulla of Vater?

Amylase

The CBD is routinely measured where the

right hepatic artery courses between the portal | vein and the biliary duct.

Typically the CBD should measure

5-6mm or less

muscular “gatekeeper” that relaxes to allow bile/pancreatic | enzymes from the ampulla of Vater to the duodenum.

The sphincter of Oddi

what converges to form the CBD

cystic duct | common hepatic duct

Hartman’s pouch is a fold in the gallbladder at what location?

Neck against the body

Islet cell tumors are most frequently located where in the pancreas?

Body and tail

The 5 year survival rate for a patient with Adenocarcinoma is approximately

What is the name of the secondary/accessory pancreatic duct?

Duct of Santorini

What structure forms the posterior border of the pancreas?

Splenic Vein

What is the name of the main pancreatic duct?

Wirsung’s duct

The pancreas functions include:

exocrine | endocrine

Which vascular structure arises from the aorta, just superior to the body of the pancreas?

The celiac axis (the splenic artery is the superior border) (see splenic and hepatic artery)

refers to increased blood flow in areas of inflammation seen with color Doppler

Hyperemia

The Ampulla of Vater is located in which segment of the duodenum?

2nd (descending)