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ABD/SMALL PARTS I > Abdomen Final > Flashcards

Abdomen Final Flashcards

1
Q

space between the right lobe of the liver and the anterior right kidney and colic flexure

A

Morrison’s Pouch AKA Rt. Posterior Subhepatic space AKA Rt. Posterior Subphrenic space

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2
Q

material that covers an organ

A

Visceral Peritoneum

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3
Q

set of guidelines that tell you what images are necessary to complete a specific
exam.

A

protocol

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4
Q

What echogenicity should the vessels of the abdomen be on a sonogram

A

anechoic

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5
Q

list the 3 structures of the portal triad

A

he Main Portal Vein, The Hepatic Artery and the

CBD

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6
Q

smallest arterial branches

A

Arterioles

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7
Q

The IVC crosses the diaphragm and empties into which chamber of the heart

A

right atrium

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8
Q

When seen in the transverse plane, the Celiac axis forms a

A

seagull sign

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9
Q

List the branches 3 of the Celiac Axis:

A

The Hepatic Artery, The Splenic Artery, The Left

Gastric Artery

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10
Q

choledocolithiasis refers to stones where?

A

in the bile ducts

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11
Q

What are the two most common lesions causing biliary obstruction?

A

Gallstones and

carcinoma of the head of the pancreas

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12
Q

An obstruction in the distal portion of the CBD will result in dilation of both the

A

intra and

extra-hepatic ducts`

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13
Q

If a patient tested positive for obstruction due to administration of a fatty meal the
gallbladder would appear

A

dilated (distended)

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14
Q

The size of the CBD is expected to increase approximately _____per decade,
starting at the age of 60

A

1mm

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15
Q

gallbladder is a round, distended, non-inflamed GB, due to

obstruction of the cystic duct.

A

Hydrops/Mucocele

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16
Q

What 2 structure join and enter at the ampulla of Vater?

A

CBD & The main Pancreatic duct

Wirsung’s

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17
Q

the sonographer may have the patient change their position during a GB ultrasound exam
in order to:

A

demonstrate mobility of gallstones

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18
Q

what pathologic condition has the sonographic appearance of 2 cystic structures in the
RUQ?

A

Choledochal Cyst

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19
Q

is an inherited cancer syndrome associated with many

tumors, including Islet cell tumors.

A

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)

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20
Q

Which of the cystic neoplasms of the pancreas is potentially malignant?

A

Mucinous cystic

neoplasms

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21
Q

is the most common pancreatic cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

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22
Q

A possible sonographic appearance of a Serous Cystadenoma is a cluster of

A

grapes

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23
Q

Which lab value is elevated with the presence of a Mucinous Cystic neoplasm?

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)

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24
Q

The pancreas is located in the what space within the retroperitoneum

A

anterior pararenal

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25
Q

The net effect of insulin is to

A

decrease levels of glucose in the bloodstream

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26
Q

the most common Islet cell tumor

A

Insulinoma

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27
Q

The Gastroduodenal Artery (GDA) lies at the what aspect of the pancreatic head

A

anterior/lateral

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28
Q

Which 2 lab values are elevated with acute pancreatitis

A

Amylase and Lipase

29
Q

Name the Criteria for a simple cyst

A

Anechoic, Thin walled, (well defined borders), posterior

enhancement

30
Q

What is the clinical significance of peritoneal recesses?

A

Frequent locations for fluid and

infection to accumulate

31
Q

. List the main abdominal structures contained in the retroperitoneum

A

Aorta, pancreas,

kidneys/adrenal glands

32
Q

What 3 major structures pass through the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity?

A

Aorta,

esophagus, IVC

33
Q

an abnormal accumulation of fluid due to pathology within a potential space in
the peritoneum

A

Ascites

34
Q

All Aorta protocol images should be taken with and without measurements except for, at
the level of the

A

renal arteries

35
Q

Absence of the normal tapering of the distal aorta is called

A

aortic ectasia

36
Q

middle layer of the vessel wall consisting of smooth muscle fibers
with elastic and collagenous tissue

A

Tunica Media

37
Q

Dilation of the IVC is an indication of

A

heart problems (especially the right side)

38
Q

What is the 1st branch of the Aorta

A

The celiac axis

39
Q

The hepatic veins originate in the liver and drain into the

A

IVC

40
Q

most common predisposing factor for an abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Arteriosclerosis

41
Q

The normal direction of blood flow in the portal vein is

A

hepatopedal (toward the liver)

42
Q

A vessel that supplies organs that need constant perfusion and has a lot of diastolic flow is

A

low resistance

43
Q

The normal aortic diameter is less than

A

3 cm

44
Q

. Which 2 vessels pass posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate
process of the pancreas?

A

The SMA and SMV

45
Q

The vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is
the

A

Superior Mesenteric artery

46
Q

What vascular structure courses between the aorta and the SMA?

A

Left Renal Vein

47
Q

An angle of the SMA greater than 15 degrees may indicate what pathological process

A

Lymphadenopathy

48
Q

What is the most common location of an aortic aneurysm?

A

infrarenal

49
Q

If there is an obstruction of the IVC the what system may dilate and “act” as the IVC

A

azygos

50
Q

Which lab value is the most sensitive indicator of biliary obstruction

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

51
Q

most common cause of malignant neoplasm obstructing

the biliary tree.

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

52
Q

most common cause of extra-hepatic obstructive jaundice

A

Choledocolithiasis

53
Q

tumor that occurs at the bifurcation of the common
hepatic duct into right and left (hepatic hilum). It results in intra-hepatic but not extra-hepatic
duct dilation.

A

Klatskin (cholangiocarcinoma)

54
Q

The mortality rate for Gallbladder Carcinoma is approximately

A

100%

55
Q

An elevation of what lab value suggests obstruction at the ampulla of Vater?

A

Amylase

56
Q

The CBD is routinely measured where the

A

right hepatic artery courses between the portal

vein and the biliary duct.

57
Q

Typically the CBD should measure

A

5-6mm or less

58
Q

muscular “gatekeeper” that relaxes to allow bile/pancreatic

enzymes from the ampulla of Vater to the duodenum.

A

The sphincter of Oddi

59
Q

what converges to form the CBD

A

cystic duct

common hepatic duct

60
Q

Hartman’s pouch is a fold in the gallbladder at what location?

A

Neck against the body

61
Q

Islet cell tumors are most frequently located where in the pancreas?

A

Body and tail

62
Q

The 5 year survival rate for a patient with Adenocarcinoma is approximately

A

2%

63
Q

What is the name of the secondary/accessory pancreatic duct?

A

Duct of Santorini

64
Q

What structure forms the posterior border of the pancreas?

A

Splenic Vein

65
Q

What is the name of the main pancreatic duct?

A

Wirsung’s duct

66
Q

The pancreas functions include:

A

exocrine

endocrine

67
Q

Which vascular structure arises from the aorta, just superior to the body of the pancreas?

A

The celiac axis (the splenic artery is the superior border) (see splenic and hepatic artery)

68
Q

refers to increased blood flow in areas of inflammation seen with color Doppler

A

Hyperemia

69
Q

The Ampulla of Vater is located in which segment of the duodenum?

A

2nd (descending)

ABD/SMALL PARTS I (9 decks)

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