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ABD/SMALL PARTS I > Scrotum > Flashcards

Scrotum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average size of testicles

A

L: 3-5cm
W: 2-4cm
H: 3cm

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2
Q

What is seen as a hyperechoic line within the testis (supports vessels and ducts coursing within the testis)

A

Mediastinum testis

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3
Q

What is the Epididymis composed of that lie along the postero-lateral surface of the testis

A

Head
body
tail

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4
Q

What carries sperm from the epididymis up into the pelvic cavity to the seminal vesicles

A

Vas Deferens or ductus deferens

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5
Q

Artery that is the main blood supply to the testicles that branches off the aorta inferior to the renal arteries

A

testicular artery

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6
Q

What venous network drains the testes and joins to form the testicular veins

A

Pampinform plexus of veins

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7
Q

The vas deferens, testicular arteries, pampiniform plexus of veins, lymphatic’s and nerves are all structures contained in the

A

Spermatic cord structures

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8
Q

In patient preparation for a scrotal sonogram, the patient should be instructed to remove all clothing from

A

the waist down

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9
Q

What should have Doppler applied to them as part of the scrotal ultrasound protocol

A

testicular artery

testicular vein

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10
Q

the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea are not usually seen unless the patient has a

A

hydrocele

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11
Q

What is a hydrocele

A

Fluid collection between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

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12
Q

What refers to a testicle that fails to descend into the scrotum from the pelvis, through the inguinal canal

A

cryptorchidism

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13
Q

80% of patients with cryptorchidism are found in the

A

inguinal canal

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14
Q

What is the surgical correction of cryptorchidism

A

Orchioplexy

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15
Q

If surgery is not performed to correct an undescended testicle at an early age, what 3 things are the testis at a greater risk for

A

Infertility
testicular cancer
testicular torsion

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16
Q

What is the absence of one or both testes

A

anorchia

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17
Q

What refers to having more than two testicles

A

Polyorchidism

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18
Q

What is the bilateral anorchia

A

absence of both testicles

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19
Q

inflammation of the epididymis

A

epididymitis

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20
Q

epididymitis is the most common cause of

A

acute scrotal pain and tenderness

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21
Q

Describe the sonographic appearance of epididymitis

A

hypoechoic
hypervascular
enlargement of epididymis

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22
Q

Focal orchitis cannot be sonographically distinguished from a

A

tumor

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23
Q

What is another clinical clue that the patient may have orchitis along with a fever

A

elevated WBC or leukocytosis

24
Q

A collection of blood within the scrotal sac is called what two things (appearance varies with age of injury)

A

hamatoma

hematocele

25
Q

Hematomas and hematoceles can occur due to

A

traume
surgery
torsion
tumor

26
Q

Fracture of the testicle due to trauma that is a surgical emergency is called

A

testicular rupture

27
Q

Surgery within how many hours of injury causing rupture can save 90% of the affecting testicles

A

72 hours

28
Q

What results when the testis and the epididymis twist within the scrotum, cutting off the vascular supply within the spermatic cord

A

testicular torsion

29
Q

What is the most common cause of testicular torsion

A

Bell Clapper Deformity

30
Q

With torsion there will be lack of flow in the

A

testicle

31
Q

With torsion there will be normal flow in the

A

epididymis

32
Q

What is the normal amount of serous fluid in the scrotal sac

A

1-2 mL

33
Q

What is caused by an abscess rupture between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

Pyocele (pus in the scrotal sac)

34
Q

Varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the

A

pampiniform plexus of veins

35
Q

Varicocele is most common on what side

A

left

36
Q

What is a scrotal hernia

A

when the bowels herniate through the inguinal canal into the scrotum

37
Q

How is a scrotal hernia usually diagnosed

A

clinically with enlarged scrotum
abdominal pain
possible blood in stool

38
Q

How many solid scrotal masses are benign

A

less than 5%

39
Q

Dermoid cysts also known as teratoma contain

A

fat
teeth
hair

40
Q

What are multiple tiny calcifications scattered through the testis that are associated with tumor, sterility and cryptorchidism

A

microlithiasis

41
Q

The majority of intratesticular lesions are

A

malignant

42
Q

Testicular cancer is typically a young man’s disease, with a peak incidence at what ages

A

15-35

43
Q

What is the most common germ cell tumor and has the best prognosis of testicular malignancies

A

seminoma

44
Q

What is associated with increased Beta-HCG and is more aggressive than seminoma? It accounts for 25% of all testicular tumors

A

embryonal cell carcinoma

45
Q

What tumor is the most common germ cell tumor found in infants

A

yolksac/endodermal sinus

46
Q

The yolk sac tumor is associated with increased

A

alphafetoprotein (AFP)

47
Q

Teratomas in children are usually

A

benign

48
Q

Teratomas in adults are usually

A

malignant

49
Q

What percentage of all testicular tumors are germ cell tumors and are mallignant

A

95

50
Q

What can make the diagnosis of a tumor being malignant vs benign

A

tissue samples

51
Q

What affects men between the ages of 60-80 years old and is most common bilateral testicular tumor

A

lymphoma

52
Q

What will most physicians perform when a solid mass is found within the testis

A

orchiectomy

53
Q

If metastasis to the testicles occurs the primary is usually

A

prostate or renal

54
Q

What are 2 symptoms associated with malignant testicular masses

A

acute scrotal pain

painless palpable scrotal mass

55
Q

List the pathway of the sperm from the scrotum

A 
semineferous tubules
tubuli recti
rete testis
efferent ductules
ductus epididymis
vas deferens

ABD/SMALL PARTS I (9 decks)

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