Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year3 Endo Conditions > Thyroid nodules > Flashcards

Thyroid nodules Flashcards

1
Q

What are thyroid nodules?

A

lumps in thyroid gland different from thyroid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are thyroid nodules common?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When do you feel thyroid nodules?

A
  • on palpitation

- Single or multiple and sometimes form of pre-existing goitre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the diffuse causes of goitre?

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Grave’s disease
  3. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
  4. Subacute thyroiditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the nodular causes of goitre?

A
  1. Multinodular goitre
  2. Adenoma
  3. Carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are two different types of thyroid nodules?

A
  1. functional

2. non-functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What investigations are used for thyroid nodules?

A

TFTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are TFTs in functional thyroid nodules?

A
  1. High T3 and T4

2. Low TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are TFTs like in non-functional thyroid nodule?

A

normal or high TSH and normal T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is toxic thyroid adenoma usually associated with?

A
  • hyperthyroidism

- young age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the TSH like in toxic thyroid adenoma?

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you treat and scan a toxic thyroid adenoma?

A
  • Usually single large thyroid nodule
    1. Thyroid scan with hot area and suppression of extra nodular thyroid tissue
    2. Treatment: radioactive iodine therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are RF for thyroid cancer?

A
  1. Prior radiation
  2. Fhx
  3. Over 65 or under 30
  4. Voice changes, difficulty breathing or swallowing
  5. Firm or hard on palpation or fixed or during swallowing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What would multiple nodules on a scintrgrapahic scan suggest?

A

toxic multinodualr goitre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you treat toxic multinodular goitre?

A

radioiondine therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which type of nodule has a lower risk of cancer?

A

functional

17
Q

What would high risk thyroid US show?

A
  1. solid
  2. hypo
  3. irregular margins
  4. microcalcification
    - FNA is unsure
18
Q

When do you do FNA for thyroid nodules?

A
  1. If >1cm in high or intermediate risk: FNA
  2. If >1.5cm in low risk: FNA
  3. If >2cm in very low risk: FNA
19
Q

What are different types of thyroid cancer?

A
  1. Papillary
  2. Follicular
  3. Medullary
  4. Lymphoma
  5. Anaplastic
20
Q

Which thyroid cancers are differentiated

A
  1. Papillary

2. Follicular

21
Q

Which thyroid cancers are undifferentiated?

A

Anaplastic

22
Q

Which type of thyroid cancer is most common?

A

papillary

23
Q

What are RF for papillary thyroid cancer?

A
  1. Radiation exposure

2. Affects young people

24
Q

What are the buzzwords for papillary thyroid cancer?

A
  1. Psammoma bodies

2. Orphan Anne Nuclei

25
Q

Who does follicular thyroid cancer affect?

A

middle aged women especially

26
Q

What are buzz words for follicular thyroid cancer?

A

Hurthle cells

27
Q

What is Medullary thyroid cancer associated with?

A

MEN2 (?FHx)

28
Q

Who does lymphoma thyroid cancer usually affect?

A
  • More common in females

- Generally occurs after pre-existing Hashimot’s’s thyroiditis

29
Q

Who does anaplastic thyroid cancer affect?

A

Elderly females

30
Q

What are buzz words for anaplastic thyroid cancer?

A
  1. giant cells

2. pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei

31
Q

What are differential diagnosis for thyroid nodules?

A
  1. Colloid nodule
  2. Thyroid adenoma
  3. Non-toxic multinodular goitre
  4. Thyroid cancer
32
Q

What investigations do you do for thyroid nodules?

A
  1. TSH levels

2. Thyroid US

33
Q

How do you treat follicular and papillary thyroid cancer?

A

-Surgical removal
-After total thyroidectomy:
High risk: Radioiodine therpay and lifelong suppression with T4

34
Q

How do you treat medullary thyroid cancer?

A

Always totally thyroidectomy

35
Q

How do you treat anaplastic thyroid cancer?

A
  • complete thyroidectomy
  • chemotherpay
  • radiotherapy

Year3 Endo Conditions (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions