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Year3 Endo Conditions > Hypercalcaemia of malignancy > Flashcards

Hypercalcaemia of malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal range for sodium?

A

135-145 mEq/L

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2
Q

What does sodium measure?

A

Measure of water status rather than total body salt content

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3
Q

What does Low Na mean?

A

reflects relative excess water

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4
Q

What does high Na mean?

A

reflects relative water deficit

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5
Q

What are three types of hypoatraemia?

A
  1. hypovolaemia
  2. euvolemic
  3. hypervolaemic
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6
Q

What are causes of hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?

A
  1. Diarrhoea
  2. Vomiting
  3. Diuretic
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7
Q

What are management of hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?

A

IV fluid

Urinary sodium low <20

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8
Q

What are causes of euvolemic hyponatraemia?

A
  1. SIADH
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Adrenal insufficiency
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9
Q

What is management of euvolemic hyponatraemia?

A

fluid restirction

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10
Q

What are causes of hypervolemic hyponatraemia?

A
  1. Liver failure
  2. Renal failure
  3. Heart failure
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11
Q

What is management of hypervolemic hyponatraemia?

A

fluid restrict

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12
Q

How do you treat severe hyponaetreamia?

A

If very severe hyponatremia (seizures/↓ consciousness), give slow hypertonic saline - too fast causes central pontine myelionylysis

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13
Q

What does Low urine Na mean?

A

If there is LOW urine Na (& pt is off diuretics) - tells you that patient is HYPOvolaemic

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14
Q

What is hypernataemia?

A

Serum Na >145mEq/L (much less common)

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15
Q

What are the two causes of hyperatrameia?

A
  1. unreplaced water loss

2. sodium overload

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16
Q

When may you have unreplaced water loss?

A
  1. GI losses, sweat loss

2. Renal losses: osmotic diuresis (e.g., HHS), diabetes insipidus

17
Q

When would you have sodium overload?

A
  1. Cushing’s
  2. Primary aldosteronism
  3. iatrogenic (hypertonic saline)
18
Q

What is presentation of hyperataremia?

A
  1. Lethargy
  2. Irritability
  3. Thirst
  4. signs of dehydration
  5. confusion
  6. coma
  7. fits
19
Q

What is management of hypernatremia?

A
  1. Correct water deficit – 5% dextrose
  2. Correct ECF volume depletion – 0.9% saline
  3. Measure Na+ every 4-6hrs

Year3 Endo Conditions (33 decks)

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