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Year3 Endo Conditions > Sex Hormones > Flashcards

Sex Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Where is LH act in males?

A

leydig cells

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2
Q

Where is FSH act in men?

A

Sertoli cells

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3
Q

What do leydig cells produce for in males?

A

testosterone

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4
Q

What is do sertoli cells do in men?

A

spermatogenesis

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5
Q

Where is LH act in women?

A

theca cells

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6
Q

What do theca cells produce in women?

A

progesterone

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7
Q

Where is does FSH act on women?

A

granulosa cells

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8
Q

What hormone does granulosa cells make in women?

A

oestrogen

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9
Q

What is a possible physiological reason for female hypogonadism?

A

pregnancy

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10
Q

What are levels in primary hypogonadism?

A
  1. High GnRH
  2. High LH
  3. High FSH
  4. ow testosterone/oestrogen
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11
Q

What are levels in secondary hypogonadism?

A
  1. low GNRH
  2. Low LH
  3. Low FSH
  4. low testosertone/oestrogen
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12
Q

What are causes of primary hypogonadism in females?

A
  1. Gonadal dysgenesis (e.g. Turner’s Syndrome)
  2. Gonadal damage
  3. Primary ovarian failure
  4. PCOS
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13
Q

What are causes of secondary hypogonadism in females

A
  1. Kallmann syndrome
  2. Pituitary/hypothalamic syndrome
  3. Hyperprolactinoemaia
  4. Functional - hypothalamic amenorhhea (low BMI, exercise, stress)
  5. OCP
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14
Q

What happens in Kallmann syndrome?

A
  1. failure of GnRH neuronal migration (involves olfactory nerves – ANOSMIA)
  2. leading to ABSENT GnRH secretion
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15
Q

What happens in hyperprolactinaemia?

A

inhibition of GnRH and gonadotrophs in anterior pituitary (galactorrhea and visual field defects)

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16
Q

What are features of turners syndrome?

A
  1. Webbed neck
  2. Short stature
  3. Strange elbows
  4. Heart defects
17
Q

What are the reasons for primary hypogonadism in males?

A
  1. Gonadal dysgenesis (e.g. Klinefelter’s Syndrome XXY 47, cryptorchidism)
  2. Gonadal damage
  3. Post-orchitis (i.e. Mumps)
18
Q

What are the reasons for secondary hypogonadism in males?

A
  1. Kallmann Syndrome
  2. Pituitary/hypothalamic tumour
  3. Hyperprolactinaemia
19
Q

What are features of hypogonadism?

A
  • Delayed puberty
  • Infertility
  • ↓ Libido
  • Amenorrhoea
  • Night sweats/hot flushes
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Symptoms of cause
20
Q

What investigations are done for hypogonadism?

A
  1. Pregnancy test
  2. LH/FSH
  3. Prolactin
  4. Testosterone/Oestradiol
  5. TFTs
  6. Karyotyping
  7. MRI
21
Q
A

GH-IGF1 axis

22
Q

What is karotype for Turners?

A

45 X0

Year3 Endo Conditions (33 decks)

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