Essential or Secondary Hypertension Flashcards
What is hypertension defined as?
more than 140/90
What is stage 2 hypertension
more than 160/100
What is secondary hypertension?
hypertension caused by another medical condition
How is essential hypertension usually picked up?
asymptomatic screening
What are RF for hypertension?
- > 65 yo
- Moderate/high alcohol intake
- Lack of exercise
- FHx hypertension or CAD
- Obesity
- Metabolic syndrome
- DM
- Hyperuricaemia
- Black ancestry
- OSA
What are common symptoms and signs of hypertension?
- BP >140/90mmHg
2. Retinopathy (in long standing hypertension)
What are some conditions that can cause secondary hypertension?
- CKD
- Drug induced
- Renal artery stenosis
- OSA
- Hyperalsoteronism
- Hypothyroidism
- Cushings syndrome
- Acromegaly
- Phaeochromacoytoma
What investigations may you do for hypertension?
- ECG
- Fasting metabolic panel with estimated GFR
- Lipid panel
- Urinalysis
- Hb
- TSH
What could ECG show with hypertension?
LV hypertrophy or old infarction
What could fasting metabolic panel with eGFR show with hypertension?
- renal insufficiency
- hyperglycaemia
- hypokalaemia
- hyperuricaemia
- hypercalcaemia
What could lipid panel for hypertension suggest?
may show :
1. High LDL
2. low HDL
3 high tryglcyerides
What could urinalysis show for hypertension?
may show proteinuria (increased albumin secretion suggests end-organ damage)
What could Hb be like in hypertension?
anaemia or polycythemia suggests secondary cause or complication
What could TSH show with hypertension?
can suggest hypo or hyper
What is the management plan for hypertension aged under 55 and not black african or afro-caribeean family origin?
ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II-receptor antagonist (if ACE not tolerated e.g. cough)
