Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HD & T SG > Thyroid and Parathyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid and Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid Releasing Hormone TRH activates the release of what?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(T/F) Excessive activation of thyroid causes hypermetabolic state causing protein anabolism and enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity

A

False. Catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(T/F) Thyroid disease very uncommon-strongly female expression

A

False. Common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a “thyroid storm”

A

Fever, tachycardia, sweating, shaking, agitation, and unconsciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical findings of Hyperthyroidism

A
  1. Nervousness
  2. Hot and sweating (heat intolerant)
  3. Weight loss
  4. Muscle weakness/tremor
  5. Palpitations/tachycardia
  6. “thyroid storm”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percentage of females have Graves disease?

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percentage of hyperthroidism is Graves disease?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes Graves disease

A

Autoimmune-antibodies function as agonists to thyroid-related receptors-causing excessive thyroid receptor activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms of Graves disease

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Exophthalamos
  3. Enlarged thyroid gland (hyperplasia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plummer’s disease

A

Multinodular goiter. 5-10% of the hyperthyroidism cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypothyroidism clinical findings

A
  • Hypometabolic state
  • Enlarged thyroid
  • Low temperature
  • Dry coarse skin and hair
  • Sluggish
  • Cold intolerance
  • Modest weight gain
  • Myxedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothyroidism in children is called what?

A

Cretinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a good screen for Hypothyroidism?

A

High TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hashimoto’s disease is caused by what?

A

Autoimmune disease (females)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(T/F) Hashimoto’s may start as hyperthyroidism followed by permanent hypothyroidism

A

True. The thyroid may enlarge and then atrophy over the years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(T/F) Hashimoto’s is the most common form of hypothyroid deficiency

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common LESION of the thryoid

A

Goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(T/F) A goiter is rarely associated with hypothyroidism

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is usually associate with a goiter?

A

Deficiency of iodine

20
Q

Are thyroid adenomas malignant?

A

No. They are the most common thyroid neoplasm

21
Q

(T/F) Thyroid carcinomas hace a poor prognosis

A

False

22
Q

What is needed to diagnose a thyroid nodule?

A

Fine needle aspirate (more common in women than men)

23
Q

Thiomides (propylthiouracil-PTU):

A

Inhibit thyroid peroxidase reaction and block synthesis of hormone. Used to treat hyperthyroidism

24
Q

Lugol solution

A

Inhibit hormone release via high levels of iodine (used to treat hyperthyroidism)

25
Q

(T/F)Does propanolol inhibit conversion of T4 to T3?

A

True (used to treat hyperthyroidism)

26
Q

What does radiation iodine do?

A

Destroys thyroid parenchyma(used to treat hyperthyroidism)

27
Q

synthroid and levothroid

A

Treats hypothryriodism

28
Q

How is parathyroid hormone regulated?

A

By calcium levels in the blood. Low calcium means higher levels of PTH

29
Q

What four things does PTH regulate?

A
  1. Activates osteoclasts
  2. Increase tubular reabsorption of calcium
  3. Activates vitamin D
  4. Increases GI absorption
30
Q

Hypercalcemia is caused by what?

A

Hyperparathyroidism

31
Q

What usually causes hyperparathyroidism?

A

Adenomas

32
Q

What are symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

A

None! But if they do, see the following:

  1. Osteporosis
  2. Constipation
  3. Weakness
  4. Anorexia
  5. Stones
  6. Peptic ulcers
  7. Depression
  8. Coma
33
Q

(T/F) Arrythmias can be caused by hyperparathyroidism?

A

True

34
Q

What is the treatment for hyperparathyroidism?

A

Surgery

35
Q

(T/F) Metastasis and carcinomas are common in the parathyroid?

A

False

36
Q

What causes secondary hyperparthyroidsim?

A

Malabsorption of vitamin D

37
Q

Denosumab (XGEVA

A

Antibody to the osteoclastic-stimulating protein (RANK)- this drug blocks osteoclast number and activity and treats osteoporosis

38
Q

Teraparatide (Forteo)

A

A recombinant form of parathormone (PTH) segment which selectively activates osteoblasts and stimulates new bone formation.

39
Q

Estrogens or estrogen modulators mechanism in terms of osteoporosis

A

Prevent bone loss in early postmenopausal period. The estrogens should be used in combination with progestin in postmenopausal women to protect against venous thrombi

40
Q

Ibandronate-Boniva

A

Suppress activity of osteoclasts and inhibit bone resorption; used to treat osteoporosis (BRONJ)

41
Q

Alendronate-Fosamax

A

Suppress activity of osteoclasts and inhibit bone resorption; used to treat osteoporosis (BRONJ)

42
Q

(T/F) Glucocorticoids are used to treat osteoporosis

A

False.

  1. Antagonizes vit. D-stimulated intestinal Ca++ transport and stimulates renal secretion
  2. Blocks OSTEOBLASTIC function
43
Q

(T/F) Hypoparathyroidism is rare and most often due to the accidental removal parathyroids at thyroid surgery

A

True

44
Q

Symptoms:

hypocalcemia, decreases PTH, tetany, dental changes in children

A

Hypoparathyroidism

45
Q

Calcitonin

A
  1. Actions opposite of PTH: inhibits osteoclasic activity

2. Useful for treatment of Paget’s disease

HD & T SG (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions