Pituitary and Adrenals Flashcards

1
Q

Does the anterior or posterior pituitary work through sending releasing hormones through portal circulation?

A

Anterior

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2
Q

Does the anterior or posterior pituitary work through sending axons into systemic circulation?

A

Posterior

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3
Q

TRH —>

A

TSH —> T4

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4
Q

CRH —>

A

ACTH —> Cortisol from Adrenal cortec

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5
Q

GNRH —>

A

FSH and LF —> Reproductive tissues

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6
Q

GNRH —>

A

GH —> IGF-1, Liver and general

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7
Q

GIH —>

A

BLOCKS GH

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8
Q

Dopamine —>

A

Blocks prolactin

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9
Q

What two hormones regulate ovulation?

A

LH and FSH

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10
Q

What hormone secreted by the pituitary is an insulin antagonist and has anabolic effects

A

GH

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11
Q

Somatosatin

A

GIH

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12
Q

Gigantism is before or after puberty

A

Before

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13
Q

Acromegaly is before or after puberty

A

After

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14
Q

Most common cause of hypopituitarism

A

Nonsecretory pituitary adenomas

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15
Q

Consequences of nonsecretory pituitary adenomas

A
  1. Loss of sex characteristics-sterility
  2. Retard growth in children
  3. Hypothyroidism
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16
Q

ADH function

A

Also called vasopressin. It constricts blood vessels and retains water in the body.

17
Q

What does the adrenal medulla make

A

catecholamines

18
Q

What does the adrenal cortex make

A

mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids and sex steroids (make good sex)

19
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low sodium concentration

20
Q

Features of primary acute adrenal cortex insufficiency

A
  1. Weakness
  2. Nausea
  3. Hyponatremia
  4. Hypotension
  5. Skin pigmentation (get increase of MSH with the ACTH)
21
Q

Addison disease is caused by…

A

autoimmune disorder (primary acute insufficiency of adrenal cortex)

22
Q

Addison disease is more common in what population

A

White Female

23
Q

Adisson disease can increase or decrease the risk of infection

A

Increase

24
Q

Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (what is different from primary?)

A
  1. No hyperpigmentation
  2. Hypoglycemia
  3. Aldosterone usually normal
25
Q

What is an adrenal crisis?

A
  1. Sudden for increase of steroid output

2. Can be caused by massive adrenal hemorrhage

26
Q

What is Cushing diesase

A

Too much cortisol

27
Q

Symptoms of Cushing Disease

A

Moon face, osteoporosis, buffalo hump, obesity, thin skin, amenorrhea, muscle weakness, poor wound healing

28
Q

The symptoms of Cushing disease look like they could also be from what?

A

This looks like someone on chronic corticosteroid treatment-e.g., for chronic major arthritis or other inflammatory diseases

29
Q

Low ACTH and high cortisol could come from what?

A

Tumor in anterior pituitary

30
Q

Secondary Adrenocortisol Insufficiency is caused by what?

A

Usually the result of extended use of exogenous (pharmaceutical) steroids such as prednisone

31
Q

What happens if you take someone off of medications causing Secondary Adrenocortisol Insufficiency?

A

Temporary hypocortisolic reaction

32
Q

Conn Syndrome

A

Hyperaldosteronism. Retain sodium and excrete potassium. Suppression of renin angiotensin system

33
Q

(T/F) Adenomas are common and carcinomas are rare

A

True

34
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Adrenal medullary tumor (benign) with increased secretion of catecholamines

35
Q

(T/F) Effects of Pheochromocytoma typically look like increased parasympathetic nervous system function

A

False. Sympathetic