Pharmacology of Glucocorticoids

Question 1

Cortisol is synthesized from what?

Answer 1

Cholesterol

Question 2

Aldosterone is a mineralcorticoid or an androgen?

Answer 2

Mineralcorticoid

Question 3

DHEA is a mineralcorticoid or an androgen?

Answer 3

Androgen

Question 4

Primary action for glucocorticoids

Answer 4

1. Suppress leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines

2. Topical inhibits histamine release and skin thinning

Question 5

Side effects of glucocorticoids (Looks like Cushing Disease)

Answer 5

1. Loss of muscle mass
2. Muscle weakness
3. Thinning of skin
4. Impaired wound healing
5. Osteoporosis
6. Diabetogenesis: increased glucose levels-increase insulin release and lipogenesis
7. GI-peptic ulcer
8. Catabolic and anti-anabolic effects

Question 6

Hydrocortisone, cortisone, prednisone

Answer 6

Short to Medium acting glucocorticoids

Question 7

Dexamethasone

Answer 7

Long-acting glucocorticoids

Question 8

Four uses for Glucocorticoids

Answer 8

1. Allergic reactions
2. Inflammatory bowel disease
3. ARDS
4. Dermatitis

Question 9

Treatment of Addisons

Answer 9

Too little cortisol and aldosterone are produced. Use hydrocortisone daily

Question 10

Ketoconazole

Answer 10

Inhibits adrenal steroid synthesis. Used to treat Cushings, osteoporosis, and Pagets

Question 11

Metyrapone

Answer 11

Selective inhibitor of cortisol/corticosterone synthesis. Used to treat Cushings, osteoporosis, and Pagets

Question 12

Cause of Paget Disease

Answer 12

1. Cause not known, but may be triggered by viral infections
2. Normal osteoclastic and osteoblastic remodeling activity is disrupted resulting in excessive bone removal followed by excessive bone formation leading to an irregular and weakened bone pattern and increased likelihood of fractures.