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HD & T SG > Drug List for Exam 2 > Flashcards

Drug List for Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Use of Mannitol

A

Intracranial pressure.

Osmotic agent. Thin Descending Limb

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2
Q

Use of Acetazolamide

A

Hypertension

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (Less sodium available for pump). Proximal Convoluted Tubule.

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3
Q

Furosemide, Bumetanide

A

Hypertension, Heart failure

Loop Diuretic. Inhibit luminal Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter. Reduces NaCl reabsorption

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4
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalindone

A

Hypertension

Thiazides. Distal Convoluted Tubule Inhibit NaCl reabsorption by blocking Na+/Cl- transporter

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5
Q

Spironolactone

A

Hypertension

Potassium Sparing. Collecting Tubule. Prevent K+ secretion by blocking mineralocorticoid receptors, antagonize aldosterone

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6
Q

Captopril

A

Hypertension, heart failure Blood Pressure medication

ACE inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

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7
Q

Losarten

A

Hypertension

Angiotensin II inhibitor

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8
Q

Hydralazine

A

Hypertension, hypertensive crisis, heart failure

Release Nitric Oxide, smooth muscle relaxant

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9
Q

Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine

A

Hypertension, ischemic heart disease, Angina pectoris

Reduce Ca2+ influx, relax smooth and cardiac muscle

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10
Q

Minoxidil

A

Hypertension

Hyperpolarize smooth muscle membrane through K+ channels

ROGAIN!

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11
Q

Nitroglycerin, Amyl nitrate

A

Ischemic heart disease, Angina pectoris

Relax coronary arteries, decrease myocardial O2 consumption

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12
Q

Lovastatin, Atorvastin, Simvastatin

A

Hyperlipidemia

Statins. Competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA Reductase, reduce synthesis of cholesterol (LDL)

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13
Q

Fenobrate

A

Hyperlipidemia

Fibrate. Increase oxidation of fatty acids in liver and muscle, reduces VLDL

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14
Q

Niacin

A

Hyperlipidemia

Decreases triglyceride and LDL

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15
Q

What class (1, 2, 3, 4) is Propanolol

A

2

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16
Q

Cholesteramine

A

Hyperlipidemia

Bile acid-binding agent. Reduces reabsorption of bile acids

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17
Q

Digitalis, Digoxin

A

Heart failure

Increases intracellular Ca2+ and cardiac contractility, increases blood ejection

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18
Q

Milrinone

A

Heart failure

Bipyridine. Works like digitalis but wider margin of safety and more expensive.

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19
Q

Procainamide, Quinidine, lidocaine

A

Arrhythmias

Class 1 drug. Na+ channel blockade, slows action potential conduction

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20
Q

Propranolol

A

Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension, angina, open-angle glaucoma, arrhythmias

β-Blocker. Inhibit β adrenoreceptors inhibiting T4 to T3 conversion

Class 2 drug. B blocker.

Non-cardioselective B1 and B2 antagonists

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21
Q

Amiodarone

A

Arrhythmias

Class 3 drug. Prolongs refractory period.

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22
Q

Varapamil, diltiazem

A

Arrhythmias

Class 4 drug. Reduces Ca2+ influx, relaxes cardiac muscle. See above

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23
Q

Albuterol

A

Asthma

B2 selective agonists, directly relaxes smooth muscle, increases cAMP = inhibition of MLCK = bronchial relaxation

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24
Q

Salmeterol

A

Asthma, COPD

B2 selective agonist

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25
Q

Futicasone

A

Moderate to Severe Asthma

Corticosteroid

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26
Q

Theophylline

A

Mild asthma
Diaphragmatic fatigue in COPD

“Add on controller, methylxanthine drug”, Inhibits phosphodiesterase levels to increase cAMP

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27
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide

A

Asthma

Antimuscarinic, Reversible blockade of ACh, decrease contraction of airway smooth muscle

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28
Q

Montelukast

A

Prophylaxis and Chronic Asthma

Selective Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (decrease airway edema and smooth muscle contraction)

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29
Q

Cromolyn

A

Prophylaxis of asthma

Inhibits activation of mast cells

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30
Q

Omalizumab

A

Uncontrollable chronic severe asthma

Inhibits IgE binding to receptor on mast cells

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31
Q

Tiotropium bromide

A

COPD

Long acting bronchodilators

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32
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Influenza A and B

Neuraminidase inhibitor prevents release of virus from host cell

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33
Q

Amantadine

A

Influenza A
(nearly 100% resistant)

Inhibits uncoating of viral RNA preventing viral assembly during replication

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34
Q

Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRTs)

A

Anti-smoking

Slow absorption of nicotine, reducing cravings and pleasurable feelings

35
Q

Buproprion

A

Anti-smoking

Tetracyclic antidepressant, unknown mechanism

36
Q

Varenaclin (Chantix)

A

Anti-smoking

Nicotine subunit selective agonist

37
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Calcium Kidney stones

Reducing urine Ca2+

38
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Uric acid, cystine and calcium kidney stones

Alkalinizes urine

39
Q

Penicillamine

A

Cystine stones

Chelates cystine

40
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

Struvite stones UTI

Antimicrobial Folate Synthesis inhibitor

41
Q

Allopurinol

A

Uric acid stones

Reduces amount of uric acid made

42
Q

Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA)

A

Struvite crystals

Irreversible inhibitor of bacterial urease

43
Q

Fosfomycin trometamol

A

UTI

Antimicrobial

44
Q

Ciprofloxacin/ Levofloxacin

A

UTI

3rd generation floroquinolones

45
Q

Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate

A

UTI

B-Lactamase inhibitor

46
Q

Atenolol

A

BP meds

B1 selective Antagonist, reduces bp

47
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant

Prevents clotting of blood to pass through dialysis machine

48
Q

Thrombin

A

Clot forming

Cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin, activates factor XIII

49
Q

Protamine

A

Anti-Heparin

Basic molecule neutralizes acidic heparin

50
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulant

Blocks formation of vitamin K-dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X)

51
Q

Aspirin

A

Anti-platelet

Blocks COX à blocks Thromboxane A2 which blocks platelet aggregate

52
Q

Vitamin K

A

Clotting factors

Fat soluble vitamin, component of Factor II, VII, IX, X

53
Q

Desmopressin

A

Clotting factors

Vasopressin V2 agonist, increases plasma concentration of vWf and VIII

54
Q

Insulin (U-100)

A

Diabetes

Binds to insulin receptors, particularly in Liver, muscle, adipose, in presence of glucose in blood

55
Q

Humalog (Lispro)

A

Diabetes

Rapid-acting insulin, resembles endogenous insulin secretion, taken pre-meal

56
Q

Crystalline Zinc Insulin

A

Diabetes

Short-acting insulin. Effects take 30 mins, peaks at 2-3 hours, persists for 5-8 hours

57
Q

Neutral Protein Hagedorn (NPH)

A

Diabetes

Intermediate-acting insulin. Combines insulin with protamine for delayed action

58
Q

Insulin Glargine

A

Diabetes

Long-acting “peakless” insulin for background replacement. Attached to Arginine and Glycine

59
Q

Insulin Determir

A

Diabetes

Long-acting background replacement. Threonine dropped and myristic acid to prolong availability

60
Q

Tolbutamide, Tolazamide, Chlorpropramine

A

Diabetes

Sulfonylurea. Increase insulin release from β cells by blocking K+ channels

61
Q

Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride

A

Diabetes

2nd Generation Sulfonylureas

62
Q

Rapaglinide

A

Diabetes

Glitinides, function at K+ channels

63
Q

Metformin

A

Diabetes

Biguanide. Mechanism unknown, decreases glucose production on liver, increase efficiency of insulin binding.

64
Q

Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone

A

Diabetes

Thiazolidinediones. Increase GLUT-4 expression, reducing insulin resistance, especially muscle & fat

65
Q

Acarbose

A

Diabetes

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Slow digestion and absorption of starches, disaccharades, etc. in small intestines

66
Q

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

A

Diabetes Type 2

DPP-4 inhibitor, slows inactivation of incretin hormones, prolongs action of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Poplypeptide

67
Q

Phentermine

A

Weight loss

Inhibits NE and DA uptake

68
Q

Phentermine + Topiramate

A

Weight loss

69
Q

Belviq

A

Weight loss

5-HT2C receptor agonists in hypothalamus activates pro-opiomelanocortin production suppressing appetite

70
Q

Orlistat

A

Weight loss

Lipase inhibitor diminishes fat absorption by intestines. Explosive diarrhea

71
Q

Methimazole, Propylthiouracil (PTU)

A

Hyperthyroidism

Thioamides. Inhibits thyroid peroxidase reactions and blocks iodine organification (T3/T4 production)

72
Q

Lugol, Potassium iodide

A

Hyperthyroidism

Iodides. Inhibit organification and hormone release

73
Q

Radioactive Iodine

A

Hyperthyroidism

Radiation destruction of thyroid parenchyma

74
Q

Levothyroxine “synthroid” (T4)

Liothyronine (T3)

A

Hypothyroidism

Activation of nuclear receptors results in gene expression with RNA formation and protein synthesis

75
Q

Hydrocortisone, cortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone

A

Glucocorticoids

Used for allergic reactions, infections, inflammation, skin diseases

76
Q

Ketonazole

A

Cushing’s

Inhibits adrenal and gonadal steroid synthesis

77
Q

Metyrapone

A

Cushing’s

Selective inhibitor of steroid 11-hydroxylation, interferes with cortisol and corticosterone synthesis

78
Q

Mifepristone

A

Cushing’s

Antagonist at steroid receptors

79
Q

Calcitonin

A

Paget’s and osteoporosis

Secreted by thyroid, inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption

80
Q

Ibandronate, Alendronate sodium

A

Osteoporosis

Bisphosphonates. Suppresses activity of osteoclasts by inhibiting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthesis

81
Q

Denosumab

A

Osteoporosis

Monoclonal anti-RANKL antibody (this blocks osteoclast activity)

82
Q

Teriparatide

A

Osteoporosis

Stimulates new bone formation

83
Q

Dabigatran

A

Anticoagulant

Has fewer side effects than Warfarin and is more popular than heparin or warfarin—affects PTT sensitive pathway, but has unique mechanisms that makes it distinct from heparin and warfarin. Used on out patient basis.

HD & T SG (12 decks)

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