Diabetes Pharmocology Flashcards
(41 cards)
Insulin replacement is required for what types of diabetes?
Required for all Type I DM, and for more serious Type II DM
How are insulin types classified?
Insulin types classified according to pharmacokinetics: i.e., onset of action, how quickly they absorbed, how long they last
How does insulin replacement replicate natural insulin patterns?
Basal background levels and burst release in response to glucose surges (e.g., eating)
What is the most common insulin strength?
U-100
What are the two main sources of insulin replacers?
Most formulations prepared in laboratory (i.e. genetics; from genetically modified benign e. coli-e.g., Humulin), but can still obtain animal insulin (e.g, bovine, porcine) for special cases
What are the 5 types of insulin?
Rapid-acting, short acting, NPH (neutral protein hagedorn), Insulin glargine, Insulin determir
Which two types of insulin are good long-acting, background insulins?
Insulin determir and insulin glargine
How long is the onset, peak, and persist of short-acting insulin?
30 min. onset, peaks 2-3 hours, persists 5-8 hours
What substance helps to delay onset and lengthen duration of short-acting insulin?
crystalline zinc
What are the pharmacokinetic features of NPH (neutral protein hagedorn)?
onset=2-15 hrs; duration=4-12 hours
Which type of insulin is often mixed with other shorter acting insulins for both immediate insulin and sustained insulin needs?
NPH (neutral protein hagedorn)
Which type of insulin has early peak action as lasts around 4 hours?
Rapid-action
(T/F) NPH (neutral protein hagedorn) is intermediate acting.
True
Which type of insulin is taken immediately before meal?
Rapid Acting
What peptide delays the release of insulin after injection NPH?
protamine
Lispro (Humalog)
Rapid Acting
Glargine
Long-acting sustained insulin: no peaks and valleys. Good as background insulin
Determir
Long acting and good for background insulin
Secretagogues
Increase release of insulin from beta cells. Sulfonylureas
Side effects of secretagogues
Hypoglycemia, weight gain
bind to plasma proteins and can be dislodged by other drugs binding at same sites
Biguanides mechanism
- Very popular
2. Decreases glucose production in the liver and likely increases efficiency of insulin binding.
(T/F) Biguanides have no effect on insulin production of pancreas
True
(T/F) Biguanides may invoke hypoglycemia
False
Biguanides may have positive effects on the CVS related to type 2 DM
True
