thyroid and antithyroid

Question 1

3 hormones secreted by the thyroid gland essential for metabolism

Answer 1

thyroxine (T4)
tri-iodothyronine (T3)
calcitonin

Question 2

functions of the thyroid gland

Answer 2

-regulate protein, lipid, carb metabolism
- assist with growth and development
-thermoregulation
-effective cardiovascular, neuromuscular and endocrine systems

Question 3

primary deficiency in thyroid hormones

Answer 3

most common, abnormality in the thyroid gland itself

Question 4

secondary deficiency in thyroid hormones

Answer 4

when the pituitary gland is dysfunctional and doesn’t secrete TSH

Question 5

tertiary deficiency in thyroid hormones

Answer 5

when the hypothalamus doesn’t secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone and then TSH is reduced.

Question 6

congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 6

• hypo secretion of thyroid hormones during youth
• low metabolic rate, short, delayed sexual development, intellectual disabilities

Question 7

myxedema

Answer 7

• hypo secretion of thyroid hormones in adulthood
• decreased metabolic rate, loss of stamina, weight gain, edema, hair loss, yellow skin

Question 8

goiter

Answer 8

enlargement of thyroid gland
-form overstimulation by elevated TSH
- TSH is elevated because theres no thyroid hormone in circulation

Question 9

common symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 9

cold intolerance, unintentional weight gain, depression, dry hair, fatigue

Question 10

ex of thyroid replacement drugs

Answer 10

levothyroxine (Synthroid, Eltroxin, Euthyrox)

Question 11

thyroid replacement drugs MOA

Answer 11

• replace what the thyroid gland cant produce to achieve euthyroid
• work the same as endogenous hormones

Question 12

what decreases the absorption of thyroid drugs

Answer 12

soybeans, walnuts, calcium, fiber

Question 13

indications of thyroid drugs

Answer 13

• prevention of goiter
• suspected hyperthyroidism
  -thyroid replacement (levothyroxine) for ppl who have surgically removed thyroids or destroyed from iodine
• hypothyroidism in pregnancy

Question 14

contraindications of thyroid replacement drugs

Answer 14

MI, adrenal insufficiency, hyperthyroidism

Question 15

adverse effects of thyroid replacement drugs

Answer 15

-cardiac dysrhythmias
-may cause (like hyperthyroidism) tachycardia, palpitations,angina, hypertension, insomnia

Question 16

thyroid replacement drug interactions

Answer 16

enhance warfarin. reduce efficacy of digoxin and insulin, increased sensitivity to epinephrine, cholestyramine, Ca, Al bind to GI tract and reduce absorption

Question 17

can you discontinue thyroid replacement drugs abruptly

Answer 17

NO

Question 18

when should you take thyroid replacement drugs

Answer 18

SAME TIME EVERY DAY. AM is better for insomnia

Question 19

changing thyroid replacement drug brands

Answer 19

dont interchange brands. different brands have different doses and destabilize treatment

Question 20

hyperthyroidism causes

Answer 20

graves disease, multinodular disease, plummer disease (rare), thyroid storm (induced by stress or infection)

Question 21

hyperthyroidism symptoms

Answer 21

increased metabolism
- diarrhea, flushing, increased appetite, muscle weakness, palpations, nervous

Question 22

antithyroid drugs are used to treat

Answer 22

treat hyperthyroidism and to prevent surge of thyroid hormones after surgical treatment or during radioactive iodine treatment.

Question 23

antithyroid drugs may cause…

Answer 23

liver and bone disease

Question 24

radioactiive iodine treatment

Answer 24

• destroys the thyroid gland (ablation)

Question 25

how long is thyroid hormone replacement

Answer 25

lifelong

Question 26

thioamide derivatives ex

Answer 26

propylthiouracil

Question 27

what to avoid on antithyroid drugs

Answer 27

shellfish, tofu, iodized salt, turnips, Fe, Mg, Al

Question 28

how long does it take for propylthiouracil to work

Answer 28

up to 2 weeks to work, better tolerated with food

Question 29

MOA propylthiouracil

Answer 29

-inhibition of iodine impedes thyroid hormone production
-inhibits conversion of T4 to T3

Question 30

use thyroid drugs in caution with

Answer 30

cardiac disease, hypertension, pregnant women

Question 31

do you stop treatment for hypothyroidism in pregnant ppl

Answer 31

no, continue therapy. fetal growth may be retarted.

Question 32

how often do you adjust dosage for pregnant ppl

Answer 32

every 4 weeks to keep thyroid TSH at lower end of normal range

Question 33

when should thyroid drugs be taken

Answer 33

once daily, 60 mins before breakfast. same time every day.

Question 34

what symptoms to report on thyroid drugs

Answer 34

chest pain, heart palpitations

Question 35

thyroid drugs enhance activity of what drugs

Answer 35

anticoagulants

Question 36

pt with diabetes on thyroid medications needs to _____ dosage of ______ drugs

Answer 36

increase, hypoglycemic

Question 37

therapeutic response of thyroid drugs

Answer 37

decreased hypothyroidism, improved energy, improved mental and physical stamina

Question 38

therapeutic response of antithyroid drugs

Answer 38

no evidence of hypothyroidism

Question 39

adverse effects of thyroid drugs

Answer 39

cardiac dysrhythmia

Question 40

adverse effects of antithyroid drugs

Answer 40

leukopenia (manifested as fever, sore throat, lesion)

Question 41

how long does it take may take for thyroid drugs to take effect

Answer 41

6-8 weeks

Question 42

can you change brands for thyroid drugs

Answer 42

naur